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CC BY 4.0 · Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1801296
Original Article

Tracking of Financial Burden: A Longitudinal Study of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) among Rural Households with Hypertension (HTN)

Santhosh N. Poojary 
1   Department of Community Medicine, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
,
Nanjesh Kumar Siddappa
1   Department of Community Medicine, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
,
Ankeeta Menona Jacob 
1   Department of Community Medicine, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
,
Sukanya Shetty 
2   Department of Biochemistry, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
,
Neetha Kamath
3   Department of Community Health Nursing, Nitte Usha Institute of Nursing Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Abstract

Objectives The study aimed to determine the monthly expenditure pattern and out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) associated with managing hypertension in households with patients with hypertension in a rural community in Karnataka, India.

Materials and Methods A longitudinal study was conducted over a period 6 months in a rural community under a rural primary health center in Karnataka. One hundred and one households were included in the study with at least one member diagnosed with hypertension. Household income and other sociodemographic variables were also recorded to assess the economic impact relative to household resources. Monthly spending on nonhealth essentials and hypertension-related OOPEs revealed significant financial strain on households.

Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the study of population's demographic characteristics, monthly expenditure in nonhealth essentials, and OOPE. Inferential statistics of Friedman and chi-square tests (Fischer's exact) were used to determine factors associated with OOPE.

Results The population's median age was 59.1 ± 12 years, with a median of 5 (3–10) years since diagnosis with hypertension. Micro to macro vascular complications related to hypertension were present in 17 (22.66%), and 13 (24.52%) were admitted to the hospital in the past 1 year/for 6 months’ follow-up. Seventy-two (71.30%) had a monthly OOPE on health (INR) of ≥ 500. Higher socioeconomic status and visits to private health facilities for hypertension treatment were associated with higher OOPE.

Conclusion Monthly expenditure among households with patients with hypertension in the rural community shows no significant variation for nonhealth essential items. Higher OOPE was associated with households having higher socioeconomic status and visits to private health facilities for treatment of hypertension.

Keywords

economic status - health expenditures - health facilities - hypertension - rural population


Publication History

Article published online:
28 December 2024

© 2024. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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