PDF herunterladen
Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2000; 2(6): 605-611
DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-16645
Original Paper
Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ·New York

A Role for Trigonelline During Imbibition and Germination of Coffee Seeds

M. M. Shimizu, P. Mazzafera
  • Departamento de Fisiologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, CP 6109, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

February 24, 2000

September 18, 2000

Publikationsdatum:
27. August 2001 (online)

   Lizenzen und Reprints

Abstract

Trigonelline was investigated as an NAD reserve during germination of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seeds. Seeds were germinated on filter paper moistened with water or in agar and the endogenous content of trigonelline, nicotinic acid and NAD investigated in the endosperm, embryo and germination medium. Seeds were also fed with [carboxyl-14C]trigonelline and the distribution of the radioactivity in these compounds was investigated. In addition, trigonelline demethylase was detected in coffee for the first time, showing a Km of 1.13 mM. The activity increased with germination. These data clearly show that in seeds there is a significant conversion of trigonelline to NAD, although a concomitant biosynthesis of the alkaloid is also observed. It is concluded that trigonelline is indeed a reserve molecule for NAD biosynthesis but this function may be limited to the very early stages of germination or restricted to specific tissues, such as the embryo.

Key words

Trigonelline - nicotinic acid - NAD - coffee seeds - germination - physiological role

References

  • 01 Baumann,  T. W., and Gabriel,  H.. (1984);  Metabolism and excretion of caffeine during germination of Coffea arabica L.  Plant Cell Physiol.. 25 1431-1436
    Google Scholar
  • 02 Berglund,  T.. (1994);  Nicotinamide, a missing link in the early stress response in eukaryotic cells: a hypothesis with special reference to oxidative stress in plants.  FEBS Letters. 351 145-149
    Google Scholar
  • 03 Berglund,  T.,, Kalbin,  G.,, Strid,  A.,, Rydström,  J.,, and Ohlsson,  A. B.. (1996);  UV-B and oxidative stress-induced increase in nicotinamide and trigonelline and inhibition of defensive metabolism induction by poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitor in plant tissue.  FEBS Letters. 380 188-193
    Google Scholar
  • 04 Bewley,  J. D., and Black,  M.. (1994) Seeds: physiology of development and germination. New York; Plenum Press pp. 445
    Google Scholar
  • 05 Bino,  R. J.,, Lanteri,  S.,, Verhoeven,  H. A.,, and Kraak,  H. L.. (1993);  Flow cytometric determination of nuclear replication stages in seed tissues.  Ann. Bot.. 72 181-187
    Google Scholar
  • 06 Blake,  C. O.. (1954);  Niacin metabolism in the corn seedling: the biosynthesis of trigonelline.  Am. J. Bot.. 41 231-238
    Google Scholar
  • 07 Bradford,  M. N.. (1976);  A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding.  Anal. Biochem.. 72 248-254
    Google Scholar
  • 08 Carvalho,  A.. (1962);  Variability of the niacin content in coffee.  Nature. 194 1096
    Google Scholar
  • 09 Childs,  K. F.,, Ning,  X.-H.,, and Bolling,  S. F.. (1996);  Simultaneous detection of nucleotides, nucleosides and oxidative metabolites in myocardial biopsies.  J. Chromat. B. 678 181-186
    Google Scholar
  • 10 Clifford,  M. N.. (1985) Chemical and physical aspects of green coffee and coffee products. Coffee: Botany, Biochemistry and Production of Beans and Beverage. Clifford, M. N. and Wilson, K. C., eds. Westport, Connecticut; AVI Publishing Conmpany, Inc. pp. 305-374
    Google Scholar
  • 11 Coultate,  T. P.. (1996) Food: the chemistry of its components. Cambridge; The Royal Society of Chemistry pp. 360
    Google Scholar
  • 12 Daglia,  M.,, Cuzzoni,  M. T.,, and Dacarro,  C.. (1994);  Antibacterial activity of coffee? Relationship between biological activity and chemical markers.  J. Agric. Food Chem.. 42 2273-2277
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Dupriez,  H.. (1962);  L'imbibition des graines chez diverses espèces du genre Coffea L.  Agricultura. 10 151-168
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Ellis,  R. H.,, Hong,  T. D.,, and Roberts,  E. H.. (1990);  An intermediate category of seed storage behaviour? I. coffee.  J. Exp. Bot.. 41 1167-1174
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Joshi,  J. G., and Handler,  P.. (1962);  Metabolism of trigonelline.  J. Biol. Chem.. 237 3185-3188
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Kalbin,  G.,, Ohlsson,  A. B.,, Berglund,  T.,, Rydström,  J.,, and Strid,  A.. (1997);  Ultraviolet-B-radiation-induced changes in nicotinamide and glutathione metabolism and gene expression in plants.  Eur. J. Biochem.. 249 465-472
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Kraska,  T., and Schönbeck,  F.. (1993);  About changes in the chromatin structure after resistance induction in Hordeum vulgare L.  J. Phytopathol.. 137 10-14
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Maestri,  M.,, Da Matta,  F. M.,, Regazzi,  A. J.,, and Barros,  R. S.. (1995);  Accumulation of proline and quaternary ammonium compounds in mature leaves of water stressed coffee plants (Coffea arabica and C. canephora).  J. Hort. Sci.. 70 229-233
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Magni,  G.,, Amici,  A.,, Emanuelli,  M.,, Raffaelli,  N.,, and Ruggieri,  S.. (1999) Enzymology of NAD+ synthesis. Advances in Enzymology and Related Areas of Molecular Biology, Vol. 73: Mechanism of Enzyme Action, Part A. Purich, D. L., ed. New York; John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 135-182
    Google Scholar
  • 20 Mazzafera,  P.. (1991);  Trigonelline in coffee.  Phytochemistry. 30 2309-2310
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Mazzuca,, Bitonti,  M. B.,, Pranno,  S.,, and Innocenti,  A. M.. (1997);  Nuclear metabolic changes in root meristem of Lactuca sativa induced by trigonelline treatment.  Cytobios. 89 39-50
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Phillips,  D. A.,, Dakora,  F. D.,, Sande,  E.,, Joseph,  C. M.,, and Zon,  J.. (1995);  Synthesis, release, and transmission of alfafa signals to rhizobial symbionts.  Plant Soil. 161 69-80
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Phillips,  D. A.,, Joseph,  C. M.,, and Maxwell,  C. A.. (1992);  Trigonelline and stachydrine released from alfafa seeds activate NodD2 protein in Rhizobium meliloti. .  Plant Physiol.. 99 1526-1531
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Rena,  A. B., and Meastri,  M.. (1986) Fisiologia do cafeeiro. Cultura do Cafeeiro - Fatores que Afetam a Produtividade. Rena, A. B., Malavolta, E., Rocha, M., and Yamada, T., eds. Piracicaba, Brazil; Associação Brasileira para Pesquisa da Potassa e do Fosfato pp. 13-85
    Google Scholar
  • 25 Salisbury,  F. B., and Ross,  C. W.. (1992) Plant physiology. Belmont; Wadsworth Publishing Company pp. 682
    Google Scholar
  • 26 Taguchi,  H., and Shimabayashi,  Y.. (1983);  Findings of trigonelline demethylating enzyme activity in various organisms and some properties of the enzyme from hog liver.  Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.. 113 569-574
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Taguchi,  H.,, Nishitani,  H.,, Okumura,  K.,, Shimabayashi,  Y.,, and Iwai,  K.. (1989);  Biosynthesis and metabolism of trigonelline in Lemna paucicostata 151.  Agric. Biol. Chem.. 53 2867-2871
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Tramontano,  W. A., and Jouve,  D.. (1997);  Trigonelline accumulation in salt-stressed legumes and the role of other osmoregulators as cell cycle control agents.  Phytochemistry. 44 1037-1040
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Tramontano,  W. A.,, Lynn,  D. G.,, and Evans,  L. S.. (1983);  Trigonelline, nicotinic acid and nicotinamide in seedlings of Pisum sativum. .  Phytochemistry. 22 673-678
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Ueda,  M.,, Niwa,  M.,, and Yamamura,  S.. (1995);  Trigonelline, a leaf-closing factor of the nyctinastic plant, Aeschynomene indica. .  Phytochemistry. 39 817-819
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Upmeier,  B.,, Gross,  W.,, Köster,  S.,, and Barz,  W.. (1988);  Purification and properties of S-adenosyl-L-methionine:nicotinic acid-N-methyltransferase from cell suspension cultures of Glycine max L.  Arch. Biochem. Biophys.. 262 445-454
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Válio,  I. F. M.. (1976);  Germination of coffee seeds (Coffea arabica L. cv. Mundo Novo).  J. Exp. Bot.. 27 983-991
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Wanner,  H., and Blaim,  K.. (1961);  Ein Beitrag zur Biosynthese und Physiologie von Kaffein und Trigonellin bei Coffea arabica. .  Planta. 56 499-510
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Willeke,  U.,, Heeger,  V.,, Meise,  M.,, Neuhann,  H.,, Schindelmeiser,  I.,, Vordemfelde,  K.,, and Barz,  W.. (1979);  Mutually exclusive occurrence and metabolism of trigonelline and nicotinic acid arabinoside in plant cell cultures.  Phytochemistry. 18 105-110
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

P. Mazzafera

Departamento de Fisiologia Vegetal
IB, CP 6109, Unicamp

13083-970, Campinas-SP
Brasil

eMail: pmazza@obelix.unicamp.br

Section Editor: A. Laeuchli