Zusammenfassung.
Hintergrund: Der Einfluss unterschiedlicher
Beatmungsformen auf die Hämodynamik, insbesondere die zerebrale Perfusion,
wurde mit den unterschiedlichsten Methoden untersucht. Wir interessierten uns
für die Effekte der Hochfrequenz-Oszillationsbeatmung (HFOV) und nutzten
neben der dopplersonographischen Untersuchung die Nah-Infrarotspektroskopie
(NIRS). Patienten und Methode: Bei 18 beatmeten
Neugeborenen unterschiedlicher Reife und Lebensalters wurden 19 Untersuchungen
durchgeführt. Vor, während und nach Umstellung der Beatmung von HFOV
auf eine konventionelle Positivdruckbeatmung (CMV) wurden in der
Entwöhnungsphase von der maschinellen Beatmung die Flussgeschwindigkeiten
in der A. cerebri anterior, oxygeniertes Hämoglobin (HbO), reduziertes
Hämoglobin (HbR) und totales Hämoglobin (HbT) gemessen.
Ergebnisse: Systolische und enddiastolische
Flussgeschwindigkeiten änderten sich nach Umstellung der Beatmung nicht,
ebenso wie die Resistenzindizes. Bei der kontinuierlichen Messung der
NIRS-Parameter kam es nur in Korrelation mit akzidentellen Veränderungen
des pCO2 in fünf Fällen zu einem Abfall, in zwei zu einem
Anstieg des HbO. Schlussfolgerung: Bei der Umstellung
von HFOV auf eine konventionelle Beatmung konnte keine Beeinflussung der
zerebralen Hämodynamik durch NIRS oder Dopplerflussuntersuchung
nachgewiesen werden.
Effects of high frequency oscillatory ventilation on cerebral
hemodynamics in neonates.
Background: The effects of highfrequency
oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) on hemodynamic parameters have been shown in
animal as well as in clinical studies. In a further study we could demonstrate,
that after change of a conventionel positive pressure ventilation (CMV) to HFOV
flow velocities in cerebral arteries decreased. In the following we added to
the dopplerflow method the continuous examination of cerebral oxygenation with
near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Patients: 19
measurements were prospectively conducted in 18 neonates. The infants were
mechanically ventilated with HFOV and were in a stable condition.
Methods: Before change from HFOV to CMV doppler signals
of the anterior cerebral artery were measured. We repeated this at the end of
the study in each patient. NIRS-optodes were placed on the front and the os
parietale of each infant. After stabilisation of the system we changed from
HFOV to CMV without disconnection of the patient from the machine.
PCO2 was registred continously via a transcutaneous probe, as well
as oxygen saturation via pulse oxymetry. Statistical analysis was performed
with Wilcoxon test. Results: There were no significant
changes of dopplersignals during the study (median vs. 25 cm/s
(± 6) during HFOV, 28 cm/s (± /) during
CMV). The parameter of NIRS, oxygenated hemoglobin HbO
[- 1.5 U (± 22.78)] at 15 minutes
after change), reduced hemoglobin HbR [- 1.17 U
(± 5.26)] and total hemoglobin HbT
[- 2.68 U (± 18.7)] remained stable
during the change from HFOV to CMV, too. In five infants there was a decrease
and in two an increase of HbO 15 minutes after change, which correlated with
decrease or increase of pCO2. Conclusion: In
a combined measurement of dopplerflow and NIRS we found no special effect of
HFOV on cerebral hemodynamics comparing with CMV. Changes of cerebral
oxygenation in NIRS correlated with pCO2.
Schlüsselwörter:
Neugeborene - NIRS - HFOV-Doppler
Key words:
Newborn - NIRS - dopplerflow velocity - cerebral hemodynamics
Literatur
-
01
Bednarski R M, Muir W W.
Hemodynamic effects of high frequency oscillatory ventilation
in halothane-anesthetized dogs.
Am J Vet Res.
1989;
50
1106-1109
-
02
Claris O, Lapillonne A, Picaud J C, Basson E.
High frequency oscillatory ventilation.
Semin Neonatol.
1997;
2
129-137
-
03
Clark R H, Gerstmann D R, Null D M, de Lemos R A.
Prospective randomized comparison of high frequency
oscillatory and conventional ventilation in respiratory distress syndrome.
Pediatrics.
1992;
89
5-12
-
04
Goodman A M, Pollack M M.
Hemodynamic effects of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation
in children.
Pediatr Pulmonol.
1998;
25
371-374
-
05
Bhuta T, Henderson-Smart D J.
Elective high-frequency oscillatory ventilation versus
conventional ventilation in preterm infants with pulmonary dysfunction:
systemic review and metaanalyses.
Pediatrics.
1997;
100
E6
-
06
Kamei A, Ozaki T, Takashima S.
Monitoring of the intracranial hemodynamics and oxigenation
during and after hyperventilation in newborn rabbits with near-infrared
spectroscopy.
Pediatr Res.
1994;
35
334-338
-
07
Laubscher B, von Melle G, Fawer C L, Sekarski N, Calame A.
Hemodynamic changes during high-frequency oscillation for
respiratory distress syndrome.
Arch Dis Childh, Fetal Neonatal Ed.
1996;
74
F172-176
-
08
Nelle M, Zilow E P, Linderkamp O.
Effects of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation on
circulation in neonates with pulmonary interstitial emphysema or RDS.
Intensive Care Med.
1997;
23
671-676
-
09
Rettwitz-Volk W, Fischer D, Schlösser R L, Allendorf A, von Loewenich V.
Hochfrequente Oszillationsbeatmung bei Frühgeborenen
unter 1500 g Geburtsgewicht.
Klin Pädiatr.
1994;
206
414-420
-
10
Rettwitz-Volk W, Veldman A, Roth B, Vierzig A, Kachel W, Varenholt V, Schlösser R, von Loewenich V.
A prospective, randomized multicenter trial of high-frequency
oscillatory ventilation compared with conventional ventilation in preterm
infants with respiratory distress syndrome receiving surfactant.
J Pediat.
1998;
132
249-254
-
11
Schlösser R L, Rettwitz-Volk W, Allendorf A, von Loewenich V.
Hämodynamische Auswirkungen der hochfrequenten
Oscillationsbeatmung bei Früh- und reifen Neugeborenen.
Klin Pädiatr.
1994;
206
421-424
-
12
Thome U, Kössel H, Lipowsky G, Porz F, Fürste H O, Genzel-Boroviczeny, Tröger J, Oppermann H C, Högel J, Pohlandt F.
Randomized comparison of high-frequency ventilation in
preterm infants with respiratory failure.
J Pediat.
1999;
135
39-46
-
13
Traverse J H, Korvenranta H, Adams E M, Goldthwait D A.
Impairment of hemodynamics with increasing mean airway
pressure during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation.
Pediatr Res.
1988;
23
628-631
-
14
Walker A M, Brodecky V A, de Preu N D, Ritchie B C.
High-frequency oscillatory ventilation compared with
conventional mechanical ventilation in newborn lambs: effects of increasing
airway pressure on intracranial pressure.
Pediatr Pulmonol.
1992;
12
11-16
-
15
Wyatt J S, Edwards A D, Cope M, Delpy D T, McCormick D C, Potter A, Reynolds E OR.
Response of cerebral blood volume to changes in arterial
carbon dioxide tension in preterm and term infants.
Pediatr Res.
1991;
29
553-557
Dr. R. L. Schlösser
Zentrum für Kinderheilkunde und
Jugendmedizin Abteilung für Neonatologie
Theodor-Stern-Kai 7
60590 Frankfurt am Main
Phone: Tel.
0 69/63 01 51 20
Email: E-mail:
rschloesser@zki.uni-frankfurt.de