Apoptotischer Zelltod bei neuroinflammatorischen und neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen

Zusammenfassung

Der apoptotische Zelltod ist im letzten Jahrzehnt zunehmend ins Interesse bei verschiedenen neurobiologischen und neuroimmunologischen Fragestellungen gerückt. Obwohl Apoptose einen primär morphologisch definierten Begriff darstellt, ist er mit einer Reihe molekular-definierter Vorgänge verbunden und hat vielfältige funktionelle Bedeutung. Wir besprechen im Folgenden die verfügbaren Nachweismethoden für Apoptose, das Auftreten von T-Zellapoptose bei neuroimmunologischen Erkrankungen sowie den apoptotischen neuronalen Zelltod in Neurodegeneration und Ischämie. Die therapeutische Nutzung durch Induktion von Apoptose bei entzündlichen Erkrankungen bzw. deren Verhinderung bei degenerativen Prozessen wird zukünftig nur in enger Kooperation verschiedener Forschungsrichtungen gelingen.

Apoptotic Cell Death in Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Apoptotic cell death has gained increased importance in neurobiology and neuroimmunology. Although apoptosis is per se defined by morphology, it is intimately linked to a series of molecular events and has a wide array of functional implications. Here, we summarise the available detection assays for apoptosis and the current state of research concerning T cell apoptosis in neuroimmunology and apoptotic neuronal cell death in neurodegeneration and ischemia. There is a clear therapeutic potential by induction of apoptosis in inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, protection from apoptotic cell death may be a promising tool in neurodegenerative and ischemic processes. In the future, this will necessitate a close cooperation between different fields of biology research.

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