PDF herunterladen
Int J Sports Med 2001; 22(5): 344-349
DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-15643
Training and Testing

© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Influence of Continuous and Discontinuous Training Protocols on Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue and Plasma Substrates

U. Mäder, P. Roth, R. Furrer, J.-P. Brêchet, U. Boutellier
  • Exercise Physiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

Publikationsdatum:
31. Dezember 2001 (online)

Auch verfügbar auf
    Lizenzen und Reprints

It has been shown that bouts of high-intensity exercise may reduce subcutaneous adipose tissue more than low-intensity exercise. The aim of the present study was to examine if a discontinuous training protocol is more successful in reducing adipose tissue than a continuous endurance training protocol. Fourteen untrained male volunteers were divided into two groups and trained for 10 weeks performing 3 discontinuous or 3 continuous workouts weekly (discontinuous exercise: 25 times 80 s 35 % V˙O2max and 40 s 80 % V˙O2max; continuous exercise: 50 min 50 % V˙O2max). The discontinuous and the continuous training resulted in a similar subcutaneous adipose tissue loss, determined by skinfold measurement, in the leg above the patella (-2.4±2.4 and -2.4±1.4 mm, respectively). The normalised plasma concentrations of free fatty acid, glycerol, β-hydroxybutyrate, and lactate were similar throughout the final exercise test at the end of the training period. Our data suggested that the discontinuous protocol, selected so that the average intensity was similar to that of the continuous protocol, was not better than the latter in reducing subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Key words:

Subcutaneous adipose tissue, free fatty acid, glycerol, fat reducing exercise, food intake.

References

  • 1 Bahr R, Hostmark A T, Newsholme E A, Gronnerod O, Sejersted O M. Effect of exercise on recovery changes in plasma levels of FFA, glycerol, glucose and catecholamines.  Acta Physiol Scand. 1991;  143 105-115
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Bandini L G, Schoeller D A, Cyr H N, Dietz W H. Validity of reported energy intake in obese and non-obese adolescents.  Am J Clin Nutr. 1990;  52 421-425
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Coyle E F, Coggan A R, Hemmert M K, Lowe R C, Walters T J. Substrate usage during prolonged exercise following a preexercise meal.  J Appl Physiol. 1985;  59 429-433
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Després J P, Pouliot M C, Moorjani S, Nadeau A, Tremblay A, Lupien P J, Thériault G, Bouchard C. Loss of abdominal fat and metabolic response to exercise training in obese women.  Am J Physiol. 1991;  261 E159-E167
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Ferrannini E, Barrett E J, Bevilaqua S, De Fronzo R A. Effect of fatty acids on glucose production and utilisation in man.  J Clin Invest. 1983;  72 1737-1747
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Gorostiaga E M, Walter C B, Foster C, Hickson RC. Uniqueness of interval and continuous training at the same maintained exercise intensity.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1991;  63 101-107
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Groop L C, Bonadonna R C, Shank M, Petrides A S, De Fronzo R A. Role of free fatty acid and insulin in determining free fatty acid and lipid oxidation in man.  J Clin Invest. 1991;  87 83-89
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Hardman A E, Jones P RM, Norgan N G, Hudson A. Brisk walking improves endurance fitness without changing body fatness in previously sedentary women.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1992;  65 354-359
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Hodgetts V, Coppack S W, Frayn K N, Hockaday R D. Factors controlling fat mobilization from subcutaneous adipose tissue during exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 1991;  71 445-451
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Holloszy J O. Biochemical adaptations in muscle. Effects of exercise on mitochondrial oxygen uptake and respiratory enzyme activity in skeletal muscle.  J Biol Chem. 1967;  242 2278-2282
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Hoppeler H, Howald H, Conley K, Lindstedt S L, Claassen H, Vock P, Weibel E R. Endurance training in humans: aerobic capacity and structure of skeletal muscle.  J Appl Physiol. 1985;  59 320-327
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Issekutz B Jr, Miller H I. Plasma free fatty acids during exercise and the effect of lactic acid.  Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1962;  110 237-245
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Jansson E, Kaijser L. Effect of diet on the utilisation of blood-borne and intramuscular substrates during exercise in man.  Acta Physiol Scand. 1982;  115 19-30
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Macdiarmid J I, Cade J E, Blundell J E. High and low fat consumers, their macro nutrient intake and body mass index: further analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of British Adults.  Eur J Clin Nutr. 1996;  50 505-512
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Meijer G AL, Westerterp K R, Seyts G HP, Janssen G ME, Saris W HM, ten Hoor T. Body composition and sleeping metabolic rate in response to a 5-month endurance-training programme in adults.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1991;  62 18-21
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Ravussin E, Schutz Y, Bassard T, Anantharaman K, Flatt J P, Jéquier E. Glycogen storage capacity and de novo lipogenesis during massive carbohydrate overfeeding in man.  Am J Clin Nutr. 1988;  48 240-247
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Rognum T O, Rodahl K, Opstad P K. Regional differences in the lipolytic response of the subcutaneous fat depots to prolonged exercise and severe energy deficiency.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1982;  49 401-408
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Romijn J A, Coyle E F, Sidossis L S, Gastaldelli A, Horowitz J F, Endert E, Wolfe R R. Regulation of endogenous fat and carbohydrate metabolism in relation to exercise intensity and duration.  Am J Physiol. 1993;  265 E380-E391
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Shinkai S, Watanabe S, Kurokawa Y, Torii J, Asai H, Shepard R J. Effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise plus dietary restriction on body composition, resting energy expenditure and aerobic fitness in mildly obese middle-aged women.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1994;  68 258-265
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Tremblay A, Simoneau J A, Bouchard C. Impact of exercise on body fatness and skeletal muscle metabolism.  Metabolism. 1994;  43 814-818
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Van Itallie T B. Obesity: adverse effects on health and longevity.  Am J Clin Nutr. 1979;  32 2723-2733
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Vukovich M D, Costill D L, Hickey M S, Trappe S W, Cole K J, Fink W J. Effect of fat emulsion infusion and fat feeding on muscle glycogen utilisation during cycle exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 1993;  75 1513-1518
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Whatley J E, Gillespie W J, Honig J, Walsh M J, Blackburn A L, Blackburn G L. Does the amount of endurance exercise in combination with weight and a very-low-energy diet affect resting metabolic rate and body composition?.  Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;  59 1088-1092
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Westerterp K R, Meijer G AL, Schoffelen P, Janssen E ME. Body mass, body composition and sleeping metabolic rate before, during and after endurance training.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1994;  69 203-208
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Wood P D, Haskell W L, Blair S N, Williams P T, Krauss R M, Lindgren F T, Albers J J, Ho P H, Farquhar J W. Increased exercise level and plasma lipoprotein concentrations: a one-year, randomized, controlled study in sedentary, middle-aged men.  Metabolism. 1983;  32 31-39
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Urs Boutellier

Sportphysiologie

Winterthurerstr 190
8057 Zurich
Switzerland


Telefon: Phone:+41 (1) 6355078

Fax: Fax:+41 (1) 6356814

eMail: E-mail:boutellu@physiol.unizh.ch