Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-36213
Enones as Latent Enolates in Catalytic Processes: Catalytic Cycloreduction, Cycloaddition and Cycloisomerization
Publication History
Publication Date:
18 December 2002 (online)

Abstract
The development of catalytic processes predicated on the use of enones as latent enolates circumvents the utilization of chemically labile enol derivatives while enabling regioselective enolate formation. In this account, an overview of this emerging area of catalytic synthetic methodology is presented with an emphasis on intramolecular processes.
-
1 Introduction: Enones as Latent Enolates
-
2 Catalytic Hydrometallative Methods
-
2.1 Reductive Aldol Processes
-
2.2 Reductive Michael Processes
-
2.3 Related Catalytic Processes
-
3 Enones as Homo-Enolates
-
3.1 Homo-Aldol Cycloreduction
-
3.2 [2+2]Cycloaddition
-
4 Nucleophilic Organocatalytic Methods
-
4.1 Aldol Cycloisomerization (Intramolecular Baylis-Hillman Reaction)
-
4.2 Michael Cycloisomerization (Intramolecular Rauhut-
Currier Reaction) -
5 Outlook
Key words
enones - latent enolates - aldol - Michael reaction - cycloaddition - cycloisomerization
- For selected reviews on the aldol reaction see:
-
1a
Palomo C.Oiarbide M.Garcia JM. Chem.-Eur. J. 2002, 8: 37 -
1b
Machajewski TD.Wong C.-H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39: 1353 -
1c
Denmark SE.Stavenger RA. Acc. Chem. Res. 2000, 33: 432 -
1d
Nelson SG. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1998, 9: 357 -
1e
Carreira EM. In Comprehensive Asymmetric Catalysis Vol. III:Jacobsen EN.Pfaltz A.Yamamoto H. Springer; Berlin: 1999. p.1 -
1f
Braun M. In Stereoselective Synthesis Methods of Organic Chemistry, Houben-Weyl E2l Vol. 3:Helmchen G.Hoffmann R.Mulzer J.Schaumann E. Thieme; Stuttgart: 1996. p.1603 - For selected reviews on the Michael reaction see:
-
2a
Krause N.Hoffmann-Roder A. Synthesis 2001, 2: 171 -
2b
Gorobets EV.Miftakhov MS.Valeev FA. Russ. Chem. Rev. 2000, 69: 1001 -
2c
Johnson JS.Evans DA. Acc. Chem. Res. 2000, 33: 325 -
2d
Shibasaki M.Sasai H. Top. Stereochem. 1999, 22: 201 -
2e
Christoffers J. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 7: 1259 -
2f
Krause N. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37: 283 - For selected examples of the direct catalytic asymmetric aldol reaction see:
-
3a
Nakagawa M.Nakao H.Watanabe K. Chem. Lett. 1985, 391 -
3b
Yamada YMA.Yoshikawa N.Sasai H.Shibasaki M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1997, 36: 1871 -
3c
Yoshikawa N.Yamada YMA.Das J.Sasai H.Shibasaki M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121: 4168 -
3d
List B.Lerner RA.Barbas CF. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122: 2395 -
3e
Trost BM.Ito H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122: 12003 -
3f
Yoshikawa N.Kumagai N.Matsunaga S.Moll G.Ohshima T.Suzuki T.Shibasaki M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123: 2466 - 4
Kumagai N.Matsunaga S.Shibasaki M. Org. Lett. 2001, 3: 4251 - 5
Yoshikawa N.Kumagai N.Matsunaga S.Moll G.Ohshima T.Suzuki T.Shibasaki M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123: 2466 -
6a
Stork G.Rosen P.Goldman NL. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83: 2965 -
6b
Stork G.Rosen P.Goldman N.Coombs RV.Tsuji J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87: 275 - For selected examples of Rh-catalyzed conjugate reduction of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds affording enol derivatives see:
-
7a
Zheng GS.Chan TH. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 19: 3095 -
7b
Hilty TK.Revis A. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55: 2972 -
7c
Speier JL.Webster JA.Barnes GH. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79: 974 -
7d
Kogure T.Ojima I. Organometallics 1982, 1: 1390 -
7e
Slougui N.Rousseau G. Synth. Commun. 1987, 17: 1 - For selected examples of Pt-catalyzed conjugate reduction of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds affording enol derivatives see:
-
8a
Barlow AP.Boag NM.Stone GA. J. Organomet. Chem. 1980, 191: 39 -
8b
Johnson CR.Raheja RK. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59: 2287 - 9 For selected examples of Ni-catalyzed
conjugate reduction of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl
compounds affording enol derivatives see:
Bourhis R.Frainnet E.Moulines F. J. Organomet. Chem. 1977, 141: 157 - For selected examples of Cu-catalyzed conjugate reduction of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds affording enol derivatives see:
-
10a
Mahoney WS.Stryker JM. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111: 8818 -
10b
Vivian R.Papa P.Keith J.Lipshutz BH. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39: 4627 -
10c
Moritani Y.Appella VJ.Buchwald SL. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122: 6769 -
11a
Evans DA.Fu GC. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55: 5678 -
11b
Chrisman W.Nosson K.Papa P.Sclafani JA.Vivian RW.Keith JM.Lipshutz BH. Tetrahedron 2000, 56: 2779 -
11c
Yun J.Buchwald SL. Org. Lett. 2001, 3: 1129 -
12a
Revis A.Hilty TK. Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28: 4809 -
12b
Matsuda I.Takahashi K.Sata S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31: 5331 -
12c
Taylor SJ.Morken JP. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121: 12202 -
12d
Taylor SJ.Duffey MO.Morken JP. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122: 4528 -
12e
Kiyooka S.Shimizu A.Torii S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39: 5237 -
12f
Isayama S.Mukaiyama T. Chem. Lett. 1989, 2005 -
12g
Ooi T.Doda K.Sakai D.Maruoka K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40: 2133 -
12h
Zhao C.-X.Duffey MO.Taylor SJ.Morken JP. Org. Lett. 2001, 3: 1829 - Asymmetric aldol cyclodehydrations have been catalyzed using antibodies and chiral amines:
-
13a
List B.Lerner RA.Barbas CF. Org. Lett. 1999, 1: 59 -
13b
Eder U.Sauer G.Wiechert R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1971, 10: 496 -
13c
Hajos ZG.Parrish DR. J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39: 1615 -
13d
Agami C.Platzer N.Sevestre H. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 1987, 2: 358 - 14 Hydride mediated aldol and Michael
cycloreductions have been described:
Suwa T.Nishino K.Miyatake M.Shibata I.Baba A. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41: 3403 - 15
Baik T.-G.Luis A.-L.Wang L.-C.Krische MJ. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123: 5112 - 16
Wang L.-C.Jang H.-Y.Baik T.-G.Luis A.-L.Lynch V.Krische MJ. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124: 9448 - Rapid π-facial interconversion of Ni-enolates has been documented:
-
17a
Seo J.Chui HMP.Heeg MJ.Montgomery J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121: 476 -
17b
Amarsinghe KKD.Chowdhury SK.Heeg MJ.Montgomery J. Organometallics 2001, 20: 370 - 19
Halpern J. Acc. Chem. Res. 1970, 3: 386 ; and references therein - 20
Socol SM.Verkade JG. Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25: 2658 ; and references therein - 21 For a review on the metal catalyzed
dimerization of electron deficient alkenes see:
Tembe GL.Bandyopadhyay AR.Ganeshpure PA.Satish S. Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng. 1996, 38: 299 - For examples of cobalt catalyzed acrylate hydrodimerization see:
-
22a
Kanai H.Okada M. Chem. Lett. 1975, 167 -
22b
Kanai H.Ishii K. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1981, 54: 1015 - 23 For examples of cobalt catalyzed
enone hydrodimerization see:
Kanai H. J. Mol. Cat. 1981, 12: 231 - 24
Muraoka T.Matsuda I.Itoh K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122: 9552 - 25
Muraoka T.Matsuda I.Itoh K. Organometallics 2001, 20: 4676 -
26a
Johnson JR.Tully PS.Mackenzie PB.Sabat M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113: 6172 -
26b
Grisso BA.Johnson JR.Mackenzie PB. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 113: 5160 - 27
Montgomery J.Oblinger E.Savchenko AV. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119: 4911 - 28
Little RD.Fox DP.Van Hijfte L.Dannecker R.Sowell G.Wolin RL.Moens L.Baizer MM. J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53: 2287 - 29
Baik T.-G.Wang L.-C.Luis A.-L.Krische MJ. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123: 6716 -
30a
Delaunay J.Mabon G.Orliac A.Simonet J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31: 667 -
30b
Janssen R.Motevalli M.Utley JHP. Chem. Commun. 1998, 539 - 31
Roh Y.Jang H.-Y.Bauld NL.Krische MJ. Org. Lett. 2002, 4: 611 - For reviews see:
-
32a
Trost BM. Science 1991, 256: 1471 -
32b
Trost BM. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34: 259 -
32c
Trost BM.Krische MJ. Synlett 1998, 1 - 33
Dalko PI.Moisan L. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40: 3726 - 34
Morita K.Suzuki Z.Hirose H. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1968, 41: 2815 - 35
Baylis AB, andHillman MED. inventors; Patent Celanese Corp DE 2155113 19720510. - For selected reviews on the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction see:
-
36a
Langer P. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39: 3049 -
36b
Basavaiah D.Rao PD.Hyma RS. Tetrahedron 1996, 52: 8001 -
36c
Drewes SE.Roos GHP. Tetrahedron 1988, 44: 4653 -
36d
Ciganek E. Org. React. 1997, 51: 201 - 37 For Baylis-Hillman reactions
employing vinylphosphonates see:
Amri H.El Gaied MM.Villieras J. Synth. Commun. 1990, 20: 659 - For Baylis-Hillman reactions employing vinylsulfones see:
-
38a
Auvray P.Knochel P.Normant JF. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27: 5095 -
38b
Weichert A.Hoffmann HMR. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56: 4098 -
38c
Ando D.Bevan C.Brown JM.Price DW. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1992, 592 - 39 For Baylis-Hillman reactions
employing vinylsulfonates see:
Wang SZ.Yamamoto K.Yamada H.Takahashi T. Tetrahedron 1992, 48: 2333 - For Baylis-Hillman reactions employing vinylnitriles see:
-
40a
Basavaiah D.Gowriswari VVL. Synth. Commun. 1987, 17: 587 -
40b
Amri H.Villieras J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27: 4307 - For Baylis-Hillman reactions employing ketones see:
-
41a
Hill JS.Isaacs NS. J. Chem. Res. Synop. 1988, 330 -
41b
Hill JS.Isaacs NS. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27: 5007 - For Baylis-Hillman reactions employing imines see:
-
42a
Perlmutter P.Teo CC. Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25: 5951 -
42b
Takagi M.Yamamoto K. Tetrahedron 1991, 47: 8869 - For the most effective enantioselective Baylis-Hillman reactions reported to date see:
-
43a
Iwabuchi Y.Nakatani M.Yokoyama N.Hatakeyama S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121: 10219 -
43b
Barrett AG.Cook AS.Kamimura A. Chem. Commun. 1998, 2533 - 44 For an effective approach employing
a chiral auxiliary see:
Brzezinski LJ.Rafel S.Leahy JW. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119: 4317 - For intramolecular Baylis-Hillman protocols see:
-
45a
Roth F.Gygax P.Fráter G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33: 1045 -
45b
Drewes SE.Njamela OL.Emslie ND.Ramesar N.Field JS. Synth. Commun. 1993, 23: 2807 -
45c
Black GP.Dinon F.Fratucello S.Murphy PJ.Nielson M.Williams HL.Walshe NDA. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38: 8561 -
45d
Dinon F.Rishards E.Murphy PJ.Hibbs DE.Hursthouse MB.Malik KMA. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40: 3279 -
45e
Richards EL.Murphy PJ.Dinon F.Fratucello S.Brown PM.Gelbrich T.Hursthouse MB. Tetrahedron 2001, 57: 7771 -
46a
Rauhut MM, andCurrier H. inventors; Patent American Cyanamid Co., US 3074999 19630122. -
46b
Baizer MM.Anderson JD. J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30: 1357 -
46c
McClure JD. inventors; Patent Shell Oil Co., US 3225082 19651221. -
46d
McClure JD. inventors; Patent Shell Oil Co. US 3227745 19660104. -
46e
Nyman F. inventors; Patent Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd., GB 1100350 19680124. -
46f
McClure JD. J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35: 3045 -
46g
Schoellner R.Kiessling D.Schicht H.Hossbach H. J. Prakt. Chem. 1973, 315: 577 -
46h
Basavaiah D.Gowriswari VVL.Bharathi TK. Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28: 4591 -
46i
Drewes SE.Emslie ND.Karodia N. Synth. Commun. 1990, 20: 1915 -
46j
Jenner G. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41: 3091 - 47 For a review see:
Tembe GL.Bandyopadhyay AR.Ganeshpure PA.Satish S. Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng. 1996, 38: 299 -
48a
Wang L.-C.Luis A.-L.Agapiou K.Jang H.-Y.Krische MJ. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124: 2402 -
48b
Frank SA.Mergott DJ.Roush WR. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124: 2404 - 49 For a mechanistic study see:
Hall CD.Lowther N.Tweedy BR.Hall AC.Shaw G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1998, 2047 - For selected examples of Cross Metathesis and Ring-Opening Cross Metathesis see:
-
50a
Goldberg DR.Crowe WE. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117: 5162 -
50b
Chatterjee AK.Morgan JP.Scholl M.Grubbs RH. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122: 3783 -
50c
Gessler S.Randl S.Blechert S. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41: 9973 -
50d
Randl S.Connon SJ.Blechert S. Chem. Commun. 2001, 1796
References
The structural assignment of Co(dpm)2 was established by single crystal x-ray diffraction.