Zusammenfassung
Der Fortschritt der molekularen Medizin und das zunehmende kausale Verständnis der Pathomechanismen vieler Krankheiten lassen hoffen, Erkrankungen mithilfe „molekularer” Methoden auch therapieren zu können. Erste Ansätze bestehen momentan beim Einsatz molekularer Methoden zur somatischen Gentherapie - sowohl bei monogenen als auchh bei Krebserkrankungen. Nur wenige der bisher veröffentlichten Studien können eine signifikante klinische Wirksamkeit des Gentransfers belegen. Ein Schlüsselproblem aller Studien ist das Fehlen adäquater Vektorsysteme, welche die Anforderungen an Sicherheit und Effizienz des Gentransfers erfüllen. Grenzen setzen auch ethische Grundsätze: So ist in Deutschland aus ethischen Gründen die Erzeugung humaner embryonaler Stammzellen untersagt und ihre Verwendung gesetzlich stark eingeschränkt. Strategien mit adulten Stammzellen sind jedoch durch die Transplantation von Vorläufer- oder Stammzellen des blutbildenden Knochenmarks bereits bis in den klinischen Alltag vorgedrungen.
Summary
Advances in molecular medicine and increasing understanding of the pathomechanisms underlying many disorders have raised hope that „molecular” methods may also be efficient therapeutic strategies. Molecular methods can be applied to somatic gene therapy for the treatment of monogenic diseases or cancer only in selected cases. To date only few of the published studies can show a significant clinical effectiveness of gene transfer. A key problem of these studies is the lack of adequate vector systems that fulfil all requirements for safety and efficiency of gene transfer. In Germany, the production of human embryonic stem cells is forbidden due to ethical reasons and their usage is strictly regulated. Adult stem cells, however, have already advanced to clinical routine as seen in the transplantation of precursor or stem cells of the blood-forming bone marrow.
Key Words
molecular medicine - gene therapy - recombinant drugs - stem cells
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Anschrift für die Verfasser
Prof. Dr. C.-M. Becker
Institut für Biochemie
Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
Fahrstr. 17
91054 Erlangen