Nicht-thermische, nicht-kavitative Wirkungen von Ultraschall

Zusammenfassung

Die nicht-thermischen, nicht-kavitativen (NTNC-) Effekte von medizinischem Ultraschall basieren im Wesentlichen auf den unmittelbaren und mittelbaren Wirkungen des Schallstrahlungsdruckes. Der Artikel führt in die Biophysik der zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen ein und beschreibt anhand ausgewählter Beispiele mögliche klinische Implikationen. Es kann festgestellt werden, dass durch NTNC-Wirkungen im Allgemeinen kein zusätzliches Sicherheitsrisiko bei der Anwendung von diagnostischem Ultraschall entsteht. Signifikante Wirkungen werden erst unter therapeutischen Expositionsbedingungen beobachtet. Die Frage, ob die Impulsdopplerverfahren als völlig harmlos gelten können, ist zur Zeit noch nicht abschließend zu beantworten. Auch die synergistischen Effekte von Ultraschall und Kontrastmitteln sind noch wenig untersucht.

Abstract

The non-thermal, non-cavitational (NTNC-) effects of medical ultrasound are based essentially on the direct and indirect effects of the sound radiation pressure. This article introduces the biophysics of the basic mechanisms and describes possible clinical implications using selected examples. It has been determined that generally no additional risks ensue through the effects of NTNC used purely for diagnostic purposes. Significant effects can only be detected under the conditions which prevail during therapeutic exposure. The question as to whether the pulse Doppler technique is completely harmless cannot be answered conclusively at this time. The synergetic effects between ultrasound and contrast media have not yet been examined thoroughly.

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