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DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-39185
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Genetik der Alzheimer Demenz
Publication History
Publication Date:
09 May 2003 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Die Alzheimer Demenz (AD) ist eine multifaktorielle Erkrankung bei deren Ätiologie und Pathogenese sowohl genetische als auch exogene, umweltbedingte Faktoren wirksam sind. Zwillings- und Familienstudien belegen den Einfluss von genetischen Faktoren für die AD. Kopplungsuntersuchungen haben für die früh beginnende AD Risikogene auf den Chomosomen 1, 14 und 21 identifiziert, die für Presenilin 2 und 1 und das Amyloid-Precursor-Protein kodieren. Diese Proteine spielen bei der Pathogenese der AD eine wichtige Rolle. Für die sporadische spät beginnende Form der AD wurde das Apolipoprotein E4-Allel als Risikofaktor identifiziert, weiterhin weisen Kopplungsuntersuchungen auf Risikogene auf den Chromosomen 9, 10 und 12 hin. Zahlreiche positive Assoziationbefunde belegen die multifaktorielle Genese dieser Erkrankung. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt die wichtigsten Befunde dieser Studien für die AD.
Summary
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a multifactorial disorder. Genetic and environmental factors are involved in the ethiology and pathogenesis of AD. Twin and family studies showed that genetic factors contribute to AD. Linkage and association studies revealed risk genes for early onset AD on the chromosomes 1, 14 and 21, encoding for the genes of presenilin 2, 1 and the amyloid precursor protein, respectively. These proteins are involved in AD pathology. The apolipoprotein E4 allele is the only confirmed risk factor for late onset AD. Linkage analyses revealed further additional AD risk genes on chromosomes 9, 10 and 12. Positive association studies indicate that AD presents with a multifactorial genesis. The present article gives insight in the most relevant findings on genetic epidemiological studies on AD.
Key Words
Alzheimer's disease - dementia - genetics - association - linkage - risk factors - family study
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www: molgen-www.uia.ac.be/ADMutations/Introduction.cfm (Quelle: Alzheimer Disease Mutation Database (ADMDB)).
Korrespondenzadresse:
Prof. Dr. med. Reinhard Heun
Dr. rer. nat. Heike Kölsch
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Bonn
Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25
53105 Bonn