RSS-Feed abonnieren
Bitte kopieren Sie die angezeigte URL und fügen sie dann in Ihren RSS-Reader ein.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/de/10.1055-s-00000051.xml
PDF herunterladen
Semin Plast Surg 2003; 17(1): 005-016
DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-39852
DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-39852
History of Microsurgery
Weitere Informationen
Publikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
16. Juni 2003 (online)
ABSTRACT
The early years of microsurgery were spawned by ideas, experimental models, and possible clinical applications. With the realization of these early concepts, clinical cases of replantation and microvascular transplantation appeared in increasing numbers. Further advances in dependable donor sites led to rapid expansion of clinical applications. Now we are in an era of refinement and development. The applications of microvascular procedures have evolved so that currently the primary concern is the functional and cosmetic outcomes of reconstructive microsurgery.
KEYWORDS
Microsurgery history - replantation - microvascular transplantation
REFERENCES
- 1 Francois C G, Breidenbach W C, Maldonado C. Hand transplantation: comparisons and observations of the first four clinical cases. Microsurgery . 2000; 20 360-371
- 2 Dubernard J M, Owens E, Herzberg G. et al . Human hand allograft: report on the first six months. Lancet . 1999; 353 1315-1320
- 3 Thomas F, Ray P, Thomas J M. Immunological tolerance as an adjunct to allogeneic tissue grafting. Microsurgery . 2000; 20 435-440
- 4 Lee W P, Mathes D W. Hand transplantation: pertinent data and future outlook. J Hand Surg . 1999; 24 906-913
- 5 Cooney W P, Hentz V R. Hand transplantation: premium non nocere. J Hand Surg . 2002; 27A(1) 165-168
- 6 Kahan B D. Cosmas and Damnian revisited. Transplant Proc . 1983; 15 2211-2216
- 7 Conway H, Joslin D, Stark R B. Observations on development of circulation in skin grafts, I. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1951; 8 194-203
- 8 Conway H, Sedar J, Stark R B. Observations on development of circulation in skin grafts X. Effect of sodium salicylate on homologous skin grafts. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1955; 15 56-60
- 9 Converse J M, Rapaport F T. The vascularization of skin autografts and homografts. Ann Surg . 1956; 143 306-315
- 10 Scothorne R J, McGregor I A. The vascularization of autografts and homografts of rabbit skin. Anatomy . 1953; 87 379-386
- 11 Conway H, Griffith H, Shannon J, Findley A. Re-examination of the transparent chamber technique as applied to the study of circulation in autografts and homografts of the skin. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1957; 20(2) 103-116
- 12 Gibson T, Medawar P B. The fate of skin homografts in man. J Anat . 1943; 77 299-300
- 13 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1960, for the discovery of acquired immunological
tolerance. Shared prize Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet of Australia and Medawar, Peter
Brian, United Kingdom, Nobel-museum, Nobel Foundation http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1960.
MissingFormLabel
- 14 Gibson T. The "second set" phenomenon as first shown in skin allografts. Br J Plast Surg . 1986; 39 96-102
- 15 Holman E. Protein sensitization in isoskingrafting: is the latter of practical value. SGO . 1924; 38 100-106
- 16 Conway H, Nickel W, Smith J. Homotransplantation of thyroid and parathyroid glands by vascular anastomosis. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1959; 23(5) 469-479
- 17 Guthrie C C. Blood Vessel Surgery and its Applications. New York: Longmans, Green 1912
MissingFormLabel
- 18 Hiebert C A, Cummings Jr O G. Successful replacement of the cervical esophagus by transplantation and revascularization of a free graft of gastric antrum. Ann Surg . 1961; 154 103-106
- 19 Lee S H, Fisher B. Portacaval shunt in the rat. Surgery . 1961; 50 668-672
- 20 Buncke H J, Schulz W P. Experimental digital amputation and replantation. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1965; 36 62-69
- 21 Buncke H J, Schulz W P. Total ear reimplantation in the rabbit utilizing microminiature vascular anastomoses. Br J Plast Surg . 1966; 19 15-22
- 22 Buncke H J, Buncke C M, Schulz W P. Immediate Nicoladoni procedure in the rhesus monkey or hallux-to-hand transplantation utilizing microminiature vascular anastomoses. Br J Plast Surg . 1966; 19 332-337
- 23 Seidenberg G, Rosenak S, Hurwitt E. et al . Immediate reconstruction of the cervical esophagus by a revascularised isolated segment of jejunal segment. Surgery . 1959; 149 162
- 24 Nylen C O. The otomicroscope and microsurgery: 1921-1971. Acta Otolaryngol . 1972; 73 453-454
- 25 Green G E, Som M L. Free grafting and revascularization of intestine. I. Replacement of the cervical esophagus. Surgery . 1966; 60(5) 1012-1016
- 26 Jacobson J H, Suarez E L. Microsurgery in anastomosis of small vessels. Surg Forum . 1960; 11 243-245
- 27 Jacobson J H. Microsurgery. Curr Prob Surg . 1971; 1-56
- 28 Donaghy R MP, Yasargil M G, eds. Microvascular Surgery: Report of the First Micro-Angeional Conference. October 6-7, 1966, 1st ed. St. Louis, MO: CV Mosby 1967
MissingFormLabel
- 29 Goldwyn R M, Laub D L, White W L. An experimental study of large island flaps in dogs. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1963; 31 528-536
- 30 Acland R. New instruments for microvascular surgery. Br J Surg . 1972; 59 181-184
- 31
Komatsu S, Tamai S.
Successful replantation of a completely cut off thumb.
Plast Reconstr Surg .
1968;
42
374-377
MissingFormLabel
- 32 Chen Z W, Yang D Y, Chang D S. Microsurgery. New York: Springer-Verlag 1982
MissingFormLabel
- 33 Chen C W, Chien Y C, Pao Y S, Lin C T. Further experience in the restoration of amputated limbs. Report of 2 cases. Chin Med J . 1965; 84 225-231
- 34 Kleinert H E, Kasdan M L. Small blood vessel anastomosis for salvage of severely injured upper extremities. J Bone Joint Surg . 1963; 45A 788-796
- 35 Kleinert H E, Kasdan M L. Anastomosis of digital vessels. J Ky Med Assoc . 1965; 63 106-108
- 36 Cobbett J R. Free digital transplant-report of a case of transplant of a great toe to replace an amputated thumb. J Bone Joint Surg . 1969; 51B 677-679
- 37 Young T Y. Free second toe transplantation to thumb, a report of 40 cases. Chin J Surg . 1977; 15 13
- 38 Yang D Y, Gu Y D. Thumb reconstruction utilizing second toe transplantation by microvascular anastomosis. Report of 78 cases. Chin Med J . 1979; 92 295-309
- 39 McLean D H, Buncke H J. Autotransplant of omentum to a large scalp defect with microsurgical revascularization. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1972; 49 268-274
- 40
Tamai S, Kamatsu S, Sakamoto H, Sano S, Sasuchi N.
Free muscle transplants in dogs, with microsurgical neurovascular anastomoses.
Plast Reconstr Surg .
1970;
46
219-225
MissingFormLabel
- 41 Tamai S, ed. History of Microsurgery. Tokyo: Springer-Verlag 2002.
MissingFormLabel
- 42 Liu J, Kumar V P. The unrecognized giants. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1996; 97(2) 486-487
- 43 Antia N H, Buch V I. Transfer of an abdominal dermo-fat graft by direct anastomosis of blood vessels. Br J Plast Surg . 1971; 24 15-19
- 44 Buncke H J, Buncke G M, King G M. The early history of microsurgery. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1996; 98(6) 1122-1123
- 45 Smith J W. A new technique of facial animation. Transactions of the 5th International Congress of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.
February 22-26, 1971 Hueston JT, ed. Melbourne, Australia: Butterworths 1971
MissingFormLabel
- 46 Anderl H. Reconstruction of the face through cross-facial nerve transplantation in facial paralysis. Chir Plast . 1973; 2 17
- 47 Millesi H, Meissl G, Berger A. The interfascicular nerve grafting of the median and ulnar nerves. J Bone Joint Surg . 1972; 54A 727-750
- 48 Harii K, Ohmori K, Ohmori S. Hair transplantation with free scalp flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1974; 53 410-413
- 49 Daniel R K, Taylor G I. Distant transplant of an island by microvascular anastomosis. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1973; 52 111-117
- 50 Buncke H J, McLean D H, George P T, Creech B J, Chater N L, Commons G W. Thumb replacement: great toe transplantation by microvascular anastomosis. Br J Plast Surg . 1973; 26 194-201
- 51
Fujino T, Harashina T, Aoyagi F.
Reconstruction for aplasia of the breast and pectoral region by microvascular transplant
of a free flap from the buttock.
Plast Reconstr Surg .
1975;
56
178-181
MissingFormLabel
- 52
Taylor G I, Miller G D, Ham F J.
The free vascularized bone graft-a clinical extension of microvascular techniques.
Plast Reconstr Surg .
1975;
55
533-544
MissingFormLabel
- 53 Fujino R, Harashina T, Nakajima T. Free skin flap from the retroauricular region to the nose. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1976; 57 338-341
- 54 Taylor G I, Ham F J. The free vascularized nerve graft. A further experimental and clinical application of microvascular techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1976; 57 413-426
- 55 Harii K, Ohmori K, Torii J. Free gracilis muscle transplantation with microneurovascular anastomosis for the treatment of facial paralysis. A preliminary report. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1976; 53 133-143
- 56 Ikuta Y, Kubo T, Tsuge K. Free muscle transplantation by microsurgical technique to treat severe Volkmann's contracture. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1976; 58 407-411
- 57 Chen Z W. Free muscle transplantation by microvascular anastomosis. Report of a case. Chin Med J . 1976; 2 47-50
- 58 Baudet J, Guimberteau J C, Nascimento E. Successful clinical transplant of two free thoracodorsal axillary flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1976; 58 680-688
- 59 Maxwell G P, Stueber K, Hoopes J E. A free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. Case report. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1978; 62 462-466
- 60 May Jr W J, Gallico III G G, Lukash F N. Microvascular transplant for free tissue for closure of bone wounds of the distal lower extremity. N Engl J Med . 1982; 306 253-257
- 61 Gordon L, Buncke H J, Alpert B S. Free latissimus dorsi muscle flap with split-thickness skin graft cover: report of 16 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1982; 70 173-178
- 62 Hagan K F, Buncke H J, Gonzalez R. Free latissimus dorsi muscle flap coverage of an electrical burn of the lower extremity. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1982; 69 125-129
- 63 Harii K, Torii S, Sekiguchi J. The free lateral thoracic flap. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1978; 158 212-222
- 64 McCraw J B, Furlow Jr T L. The dorsalis pedis arterialized flap. A clinical study. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1975; 55 177-185
- 65 Robinson D W. Microsurgical transplant of the dorsalis pedis neurovascular island flap. Br J Plast Surg . 1976; 29 209-213
- 66 Daniel R K, Terzis J, Midgley R D. Restoration of sensation to an anesthetic hand by a free neurovascular flap from the foot. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1976; 57 275-280
- 67 Miller G HD, Anstee J A, Snell J A, Behan F C. The replantation of an avulsed scalp. Transactions of the 6th International Congress of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Paris: Masson 1975: 65-67
MissingFormLabel
- 68 Buncke H J, Rose E H, Brownstein M J, Chater N L. Successful replantation of two avulsed scalps by microvascular anastomoses. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1978; 5 666-672
- 69 Chater N, Buncke H, Brownstein M. Revascularization of the scalp by microsurgical techniques after complete avulsions. Neurosurgery . 1978; 2 269-272
- 70 Marquet R L, Hess F, Kort W, Boeckx W. Micro-Surgery: Experimental Techniques in the Rat and Clinical Applications. Ghent: European Press 1976
MissingFormLabel
- 71 O'Brien B M. Microvascular reconstructive surgery. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone 1977
MissingFormLabel
- 72 Tsai T M. 2nd and 3rd toe transplantation to a transmetacarpal amputated hand. Ann Acad Med . 1979; 8 413-418
- 73 Schenck R R. Free muscle and composite skin transplantation by microvascular anastomosis. Orthop Clin North Am . 1977; 8 367-375
- 74 Buncke H J, Furnas D W, Gordon L, Achauer B M. Free osteocutaneous flap from a rib to the tibia. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1977; 59 799-805
- 75 Ariyan S, Finseth F J. The anterior chest approach for obtaining free osteocutaneous rib grafts. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1978; 62 676-684
- 76 Hill H L, Nahai F, Vasconez L O. The tensor fascia lata myocutaneous free flap. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1978; 61 517-522
- 77 Anderl H. Storage of a free groin flap. Ch Plast . 1977; 4 41-46
- 78 Alpert B S, Buncke H J. Mutilating multidigital injuries: use of a free microvascular flap from a non-replantable part. J Hand Surg . 1978; 3 196-198
- 79 Meyer V, Maillard G, Maas D, Azzoni Z. Successful replantation of a hand amputated through the metacarpus. Br J Bone Joint Surg . 1976; 58B 474-477
- 80 Meyer V. Upper Extremity Replantation. New York: Churchill Livingstone 1985
MissingFormLabel
- 81 Taylor G I, Townsend P, Corlett R. Superiority of the deep circumflex iliac vessels as the supply for free groin flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1979; 64 595-604
- 82 Taylor G I, Wilson K R, Rees M D, Corlett R J, Cole W G. The anterior tibial vessels and their role in epiphyseal and diaphyseal transfer of the fibula: experimental and clinical applications. Br J Plast Surg . 1988; 41 451-469
- 83 Pho R W. Free vascularized fibula transplant for replacement of the lower radius. J Bone Joint Surg . 1979; 16B 362-365
- 84 Allieu Y, Gomis R, Yoshimura M, Dineglio A, Bonnel F. Congenital pseudartrosis of the forearm-two cases treated by free vascularized fibular graft. J Hand Surg . 1981; 6 475-481
- 85 Stenzl A, Ninkovic M, Kolle D, Knapp R, Anderl H, Bartsche G. Restoration of voluntary emptying of the bladder by transplantation of innervated free skeletal muscle. Lancet . 1998; 351 1483-1485
- 86 Ninkovic M, Kronberger P, Harpf C, Rumer A, Anderl H. Free innervated latissimus dorsi muscle flap for reconstruction of full-thickness abdominal wall defects. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1998; 101 971-978
- 87 Ohmori K, Sikiguchi J, Ohmori S. Total rhinoplasty with a free osteocutaneous flap. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1979; 63 387-394
- 88 LeQuang C. Microvascular tissue transplant in plastic surgery. In: Lie TS, ed. Microsurgery: Proceedings of the 5th International Congress of the
International Microsurgical Society Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica 1979: 125-128
MissingFormLabel
- 89 Pennington D, Pelly A S. The rectus abdominis myocutaneous free flap. Br J Plast Surg . 1980; 33 277-282
- 90 Canales F L, Furnas H, Glafkides M, Davis Jr W J, Lineaweaver W C. Microsurgical transplant of the rectus abdominis muscle using the superior epigastric vessels. Ann Plast Surg . 1990; 24 534-537
- 91 Lineaweaver W C, Buncke G M, Bentivegna P, Buncke H J. Substansversalis passage of a rectus abdominis island flap for treatment of osteomyelitis of the posterior superior iliac spine. Ann Plast Surg . 1989; 22 539-542
- 92 Buncke H J, Alpert B S, Gordon L. Serratus anterior microvascular transplantation. Presentation at the American Association of Plastic Surgeons, 61st Annual Meeting,
Colorado Springs, Colorado, May 18, 1982
MissingFormLabel
- 93 Whitney T M, Buncke H J, Alpert B S, Buncke G M, Lineaweaver W C. The serratus anterior free muscle flap: experience with 100 consecutive cases. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1990; 86 481-490
- 94 Takayanagi S, Tsukie T. Free serratus anterior muscle and myocutaneous flaps. Ann Plast Surg . 1982; 8 277-283
- 95 Takayanagi S, Ohtsuka M, Tsukie T. Use of the latissimus dorsi and the serratus muscles as a combined flap. Ann Plast Surg . 1988; 20 333-339
- 96 Franceschi N, Yim K K, Lineaweaver W C, Siko P P, Alpert B S, Buncke G M, Buncke H J. Eleven consecutive combined latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior free muscle transplantations. Ann Plast Surg . 1991; 27 121-125
- 97 Song R, Gao Y, Song Y, Yu Y, Song Y. The forearm flap. Clin Plast Surg . 1982; 9 21-26
- 98 Gilbert A, Teot L. The free scapular flap. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1982; a69 601-604
- 99 Dos Santos F L. Retalho escapular: uno novo retalho livre microcircugio. Rev Bras Cir . 1980; 70 133
- 100 Nassif T M, Vidal L, Bovet J L, Baudet J. The parascapular flap-a new cutaneous microsurgical free flap. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1982; 69 591-600
- 101 Holtje W J. Successful replantation of an amputated upper lip. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1984; 73 664-670
- 102 Schubert W, Kimberley B, Guzmann-Stein G, Cunningham B L. Use of the labial artery for replantation of the lip and chin. Ann Plast Surg . 1988; 20 256-260
- 103 Jeng S F, Wei F C, Noordhoff M S. Replantation of amputated facial tissues with microvascular anastomosis. Microsurgery . 1994; 15 327-333
- 104 Jeng S F, Wei F C, Noordhoff M S. Successful replantation of a bitten-off vermilion of the lower lip by microvascular anastomosis: case report. J Trauma . 1992; 33 914-916
- 105 Codner M A, Hahai F. The gluteal free flap breast reconstruction: making it work. Clin Plast Surg . 1994; 21 289-298
- 106 Holstrom H. The free abdominoplasty flap and its use in breast reconstruction: an experimental study and clinical case report. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg . 1979; 12 423-427
- 107 Grotting J, Urist M, Maddox W, Vasconez L. Conventional TRAM versus free microsurgical TRAM flap of immediate breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1989; 83 828-841
- 108 Arnez Z, Khan U, Pogorelec D, Planinsek F. Breast reconstruction using the free superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flap. Br J Plast Surg . 1999; 52 276-279
- 109 Gilbert A. Vascularized transplant of fibula shaft. Int J Microsurg . 1979; 1 100
- 110 Chen Z, Yan W. The study and clinical application of the osteocutaneous flap of fibula. Microsurgery . 1983; 4 11-16
- 111
Hidalgo D A.
Fibula free flap: a new method of mandible reconstruction.
Plast Reconstr Surg .
1989;
84
71-79
MissingFormLabel
- 112 Gilbert R. Transplant is successful with a cadaver forearm. Med Trib Med News . 1964; 5
- 113 Khouri R. Free flap surgery: the second decade. Clin Plast Surg . 1992; 19 757-761
- 114
Hidalgo D A.
Aesthetic improvements in free flap mandible reconstruction.
Plast Reconstr Surg .
1991;
88
574-585
MissingFormLabel
- 115 Santamaria E, Wei F C, Chen H C. Fibula osteoseptocutaneous flap for reconstruction of osteoradionecrosis of the mandible. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1998; 101 921-929
- 116 Coderio P, Hidalgo D. Conceptual considerations in mandibular reconstruction. Clin Plast Surg . 1995; 22 61-69
- 117 Ostrup L T, Berggren A. The UNILINK instrument system for fast and safe microvascular anastomosis. Ann Plast Surg . 1986; 17(6) 521-525
- 118 Nakayama K, Tamiya T, Yamamoto K. et al . A simple new apparatus for small vessel anastomosis. Surgery . 1962; 52 918
- 119 Nakayama K, Yamamoto K, Makino H. A new vascular anastomosing instrument and its clinical application. Clin Orthop . 1963; 29 123
- 120 Gilbert R W, Ragnarsson R, Berggren H. et al . Strength of microvascular anastomoses: comparison between the Unilink anastomotic system and sutures. Microsurgery . 1989; 10 40-46
- 121 Falconer D P, Lewis T W, Lamprecht E G. et al . Evaluation of the Unilink microvascular anastomotic device in the dog. J Reconstr Microsurg . 1996; 6 215-222
- 122 de Bruijn P H, Marck K W. Coupling the venous anastomosis: safe and simple. Microsurgery . 1996; 17(7) 414-416
- 123 Ahn C Y, Shaw W W, Berns S, Markowitz B L. Clinical experience with the 3M microvascular coupling anastomotic device in 100 free-tissue transplants. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1994; 93 1481-1484
- 124 Shindo M L, Costantino P D, Nalbone V P, Rice D H, Sinha U K. Use of a mechanical microvascular anastomotic device in head and neck free tissue transplant. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1996; 122(5) 529-532
- 125 DeLacure M D, Kuriakose M A, Spies A L. Clinical experience in end-to-side venous anastomoses with a microvascular anastomotic coupling device in head and neck reconstruction. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1999; 125 869-872
- 126 Kirsch V M, Gupta S, Zhu Y H. Sutureless vascular anastomosis: the VCS clip. Cardiovasc Surg . 2001; 9 523-525
- 127 Kirsch V M, Zhu Y H, Hardesty R A, Chapolini R. A new method for microvascular anastomosis: report of experimental and clinical research. Am Surg . 1992; 58 722-727
- 128 Gaskill D M, Stewart S, Kirsch V M, Zhu Y H, Thompson K. Sutureless vasovasostomy: new technique using experimental microclip in rat mode. Urology . 1992; 40 191-194
- 129 Aoyagi F, Fujino T, Ohshiro T. Detection of small vessels for microsurgery by a Doppler flowmeter. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1975; 55 372-373
- 130 Furnas H, Rosen J M. Monitoring in microvascular surgery. Ann Plast Surg . 1991; 26 265
- 131 Grotting J C. Free flap monitoring: a review of current practice (commentary). Microsurgery . 1995; 16 727
- 132 Hirigoyen M B, Urken M L, Weinberg H. Free flap monitoring: a review of current practice. Microsurgery . 1995; 16 723-727
- 133 Machen H G, Mailaender P, Rieck B, Berger A. Techniques of postoperative blood flow monitoring after free-tissue transplant: an overview. Microsurgery . 1994; 15 778-786
- 134 Jones N, Gupta R. Postoperative monitoring of pediatric toe-to-hand transfers with differential pulse oximetry. J Hand Surg. 2001; 26A 525-529
- 135 Kind M K, Buntic R F, Buncke G M, Cooper T M, Siko P P, Buncke H J. The effect of an implantable Doppler probe on the salvage of microvascular tissue transplants. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1998; 101 1268-1275
- 136 Swartz W M, Izquierdo R, Miller M J. Implantable venous Doppler microvascular monitoring: laboratory investigation and clinical results. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1994; 93 152-163
- 137 Swartz W M, Jones N F, Cherup L, Klein A. Direct monitoring of microvascular anastomoses with the 20-MHz ultrasonic Doppler probe: an experimental and clinical study. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1988; 81 149-161
- 138 Koshima I, Soeda S. Inferior epigastric artery skin flap without rectus abdominis muscle. Br J Plast Surg . 1989; 42 645-648
- 139
Allen R, Tress P.
Deep inferior epigastric perforator flap for breast reconstruction.
Ann Plast Surg .
1994;
32(1)
32-38
MissingFormLabel
- 140
Blondeel P HN, Boeckx W.
Refinements in free flap reconstruction: the free bilateral deep inferior epigastric
perforator flap anastomosed to the internal mammary artery.
Br J Plast Surg .
1994;
47
495-501
MissingFormLabel
- 141 Sun G, Huang J. One-stage reconstruction of the penis with composite iliac crest and lateral groin skin flap. Ann Plast Surg . 1985; 15 519-528
- 142 Chen Z, Chen M, Chen C, Wu N. Vaginal reconstruction with an axial subcutaneous pedicele flap from the inferior abdominal wall: a new method. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1989; 83 1005-1012
- 143 Stevenson T R, Hester T R, Duus E C, Dingman R O. The superficial inferior epigastric artery flap for coverage of hand and forearm defects. Ann Plast Surg . 1984; 12 333-339
- 144 Wells J H, Edgerton M T. Correction of severe hemifacial atrophy with a free dermis-fat flap from the lower abdomen. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1977; 57 716-721
- 145 Grotting J. The free abdominoplasty flap for immediate breast reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg . 1991; 27 351-354
- 146 Koshima I, Inagawa K, Yamamoto M. et al . New microsurgical breast reconstruction using free paraumbilical perforator adiposal flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg . 2000; 106 61-65
- 147
Song Y, Chen G, Song Y.
The free thigh flap: a new free flap concept based on the septocutaneous artery.
Br J Plast Surg .
1984;
37
149-159
MissingFormLabel
- 148 Koshima I, Yamamoto H, Hosoda M, Moriguchji T, Orita Y, Nagayama H. Free anterolateral thigh flaps for reconstruction on head and neck defects. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1993; 92 411-420
- 149 Kimata Y, Uchiyama K, Ebihara S. et al . Comparison of innervated and noninnervated free flaps in oral reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1999; 104 1307-1313
- 150 Ao M, Nagase Y, Mae O, Namba Y. Reconstruction of posttraumatic defects of the foot by flow-through anterolateral or anteromedial thigh flaps with preservation of posterior tibial vessels. Ann Plast Surg . 1997; 38 598-603
- 151 Wei F C, Suominen S, Cheng M H. et al . Anterolateral thigh flap for postmastectomy breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg . 2002; 110 82-88
- 152 Baudet J, Pelissier P, Casoli V. 1984-1994; ten years of skin flaps. Prefabricated flaps. Ann Chir Plast Esthet . 1995; 40(5) 597-605
- 153 Orringer J S, Shaw W W, Borud L J, Freymiller E G, Wang S A, Markowitz B L. Total mandibular and lower lip reconstruction with a prefabricated osteocutaneous free flap. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1999; 104(3) 793-797
- 154
Baumeister R G, Siuda S.
Treatment of lymphedema by microsurgical lymphatic grafting: what is proved?.
Plast Reconstr Surg .
1990;
85(1)
64-74
MissingFormLabel
- 155 Pho R W, Bayon P, Tan L. Adipose veno-lymphatic transfer for management of post-radiation lymphedema. J Reconstr Microsurg . 1989; 5(1) 45-52
- 156 Koshima I, Moriguchi T, Soeda S, Hamanaka T, Tanaka H, Ohta S. Free rectus femoris muscle transfer for one-stage reconstruction of established facial paralysis. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1994; 94(3) 421-430
- 157 Kumar P A. Cross-face reanimation of the paralyzed face, with a single stage microneurovascular gracilis transfer without nerve graft: a preliminary report. Br J Plast Surg . 1995; 48 83-88
- 158 Jiang H, Guo E T, Ji Z L, Zhang M L, Lu V. One-stage microneurovascular free abductor hallucis muscle transplantation for reanimation of facial paralysis. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1995; 96(1) 78-85
- 159 Koshima I, Tsuda K, Hamanaka T, Moriguchi T. One-stage reconstruction of established facial paralysis using a rectus abdominis muscle transfer. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1997; 99(1) 234-238
- 160 Harii K, Asato H, Yoshimura K, Sugawara Y, Nakatsuka T, Ueda K. One-stage transfer of the latissimus dorsi muscle for reanimation of a paralyzed face: a new alternative. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1998; 102 941-951
- 161 Jiao X Y, Tanczos E, Dodic T, Voigt M, Haberstroh J, Stark G B. Prefabrication of bilaminar-epithelialized composite flap with tissue expander and cultured keroteinocyts. Plast Reconstr Surg . 1999; 103 138-144
- 162 Jones J W, Gruber S A, Barker J H. et al . Successful hand transplantation-one-year follow-up. N Engl J Med . 2000; 343 468-473