Abstract
We report here the rapid halide exchange in aryl halides facilitated
by microwave and conventional heating using nickel(II) halides as
reagents. The methodology can be used for conversion of aryl chlorides
to bromides, aryl iodides to bromides and chlorides and aryl bromides
to chlorides. Reactions are fast (5 minutes reaction time for microwave
heating and 4 hours for conventional heating) and can be performed
without the need for exclusion of air and water.
Key words
aryl halide - nickel - water - microwave
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19 Yields for the transformation with
other solvents: H2 O, 0%, PEG-400, 8%,
DME, 0%.
20 CAUTION: The DMF is heated above its
boiling point so all necessary precautions should be taken when
performing such experiments. Vessels designed to withhold elevated pressures
must be used. The microwave apparatus used here incorporates a protective
metal cage around the microwave vessel in case of explosion. After
completion of an experiment, the vessel must be allowed to cool
to a temperature below the boiling point of the solvent before removal
from the microwave cavity and opening to the atmosphere.
21 CAUTION: A blast shield should be
in place and vessels designed to withhold elevated pressures must
be used. After completion of an experiment, the vessel must be allowed
to cool before opening to the atmosphere.
