Abstract
Aim : To assess whether observational studies provide evidence to support general ultrasound screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Method : Systematic Review. Following a predefined study protocol, observational studies on ultrasound screening in unselected newborns were identified by search through 23 electronic databases and by hand search. Two reviewers selected the studies independently of each other and extracted the data. Results : 49 observational studies were included. The prevalence of DDH ranged from 0.5 % to 30 % depending largely on the various possible definitions of DDH. Less than 0.1 % of patients with DDH were missed by ultrasound regardless of the technique employed (Graf or Terjesen). About 90 % of newborns with Graf type IIa hips requiring ultrasound control did not develop DDH. Only six studies with 23 108 newborns reported on complications, and there was only one infant with an avascular necrosis of the femoral head. The effectiveness of a general ultrasound screening cannot be evaluated reliably for several reasons: reports were often incomplete, follow-up of newborns with normal findings at the time of screening was often not carried out, clinically meaningful data about outcome as well as control groups were missing. Conclusion : General ultrasound screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip cannot be sufficiently assessed by the observational studies available. The lack of evidence does not mean that ultrasound screening is ineffective, but randomized controlled trials comparing the effectiveness of different screening regimens are needed.
Zusammenfassung
Studienziel : Das Ziel war zu untersuchen, ob Beobachtungsstudien die Evidenz zur Unterstützung eines generellen Ultraschallscreenings für die kongenitale Hüftdysplasie von Neugeborenen erbringen. Methode : Systematic Review. In 23 elektronischen Datenbanken sowie durch Handsuche wurden Beobachtungsstudien über das Ultraschallscreening für die kongenitale Hüftdysplasie von Neugeborenen identifiziert. Gemäß einem vor Studienbeginn festgelegten Protokoll wählten zwei Reviewer unabhängig voneinander die Studien aus und extrahierten die Daten. Ergebnisse : Es konnten 49 Beobachtungsstudien eingeschlossen werden. Die Prävalenz der kongenitalen Hüftdysplasie reichte je nach Definition von 0.5 % bis 30 %. Weniger als 0.1 % der Kinder mit kongenitaler Hüftdysplasie wurden durch das Ultraschallscreening nicht erkannt, unabhängig davon ob Graf’s oder Terjesen’s Untersuchungstechnik verwendet wurde. Bei über 90 % der Kinder mit Graf Typ IIa Hüften mussten nur Ultraschallkontrolluntersuchungen, aber keine Therapien durchgeführt werden. Nur sechs Studien mit 23 108 Neugeborenen berichteten über Komplikationen und nur in einer Studie wurde ein Kind mit einer avaskulären Femurkopfnekrose beobachtet. Über die Wirksamkeit des Ultraschallscreenings sind keine verlässlichen Aussagen möglich, weil die Angaben unvollständig waren, Neugeborene mit normalen Befunden beim Screening nicht in ein Follow-up eingeschlossen wurden, keine klinisch bedeutsamen Messgrößen wie Gangabnormitäten oder Osteoarthrose verwendet wurden und keine Kontrollgruppen vorhanden waren. Schlussfolgerung : Das generelle Ultraschallscreening kann mit den vorhandenen Beobachtungsstudien nicht zuverlässig beurteilt werden. Das Fehlen von Evidenz bedeutet nicht, dass das Ultraschallscreening nicht wirksam ist. Es besteht aber ein Bedarf an randomisiert kontrollierten Studien über die Wirksamkeit des Ultraschallscreenings.
Key words
Hip dysplasia - screening - ultrasound - review - newborn
Schlüsselwörter
Kongenitale Hüftdysplasie - Screening - Ultraschall - Übersichtsartikel - Neugeborene
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Dr. M. A. Puhan
Horten-Zentrum für praxisorientierte Forschung und Wissenstransfer · Universitätsspital Zürich
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Email: milo.puhan@evimed.ch