Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Patienten nach Lungentransplantation (LTX) bewerten ihre Lebensqualität (LQ) nahezu gleich gut wie Gesunde. Dagegen zeigten andere Untersuchungen, dass die körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit nach LTX auf 30 - 40 % der Normwerte verringert bleibt. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Diskrepanz zwischen reduzierter Leistungsfähigkeit und subjektiv empfundener guter Lebensqualität in einem Kollektiv Lungentransplantierter zu untersuchen, mögliche Zusammenhänge zu beschreiben und die Resultate mit denen einer Kontrollgruppe zu vergleichen. Methode: 27 Patienten 208 ± 67 Tage nach bilateraler LTX (16 m, 11 w; Alter 46 ± 10 Jahre; Bodymass-Index 24 ± 3 kg · m- 2 , FEV1 % 75 ± 27 %) und 30 Probanden der Kontrollgruppe (KG; 17 m, 13 w; Alter 47 ± 15 Jahre; BMI 26 ± 4 kg · m- 2 , FEV1 % 103 ± 15 %) wurden mit einem ergospirometrischen Stufentest sowie dem Fragebogen „Profil der Lebensqualität chronisch Kranker” untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die Lungentransplantierten zeigten im Stufentest eine verminderte maximale Sauerstoffaufnahme (LTX 15,1 ± 1,8 ml · min- 1 · kg-1 ; KG 34,5 ± 9,1 ml · min- 1 · kg-1 ; p < 0,01), eine reduzierte maximale Leistung (LTX 1,0 ± 0,2 · kg-1 ; KG 2,4 ± 1,0 W · kg- 1 ; p < 0,01) und eine reduzierte altersbezogene Sollleistung (LTX 44 ± 12 %, KG 115 ± 33 %; p < 0,01). Die LTX und die KG bewerteten ihre LQ in der physischen, sozialen und psychischen Dimension jeweils gleich gut. Die Bewertung der LQ der LTX entsprach dabei auch den Mittelwerten der Population der Fragebogennormierung (n = 1143). Die Pearson-Korrelation ergab eine positiv signifikante Beziehung zwischen subjektiver physischer LQ und der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit (LTX r = 0,44, p < 0,05; KG r = 0,37, p < 0,05). Schlussfolgerung: Patienten 7 Monate nach LTX beschrieben ihre subjektive LQ so gut wie gesunde Kontrollpersonen. Dagegen ist die körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit bei guter Transplantatfunktion erheblich reduziert. Damit Alltagsbelastungen besser toleriert werden können, sollte ein körperliches Trainingsprogramm in die Nachsorge Lungentransplantierter eingebunden werden.
Abstract
Background: Quality of life in lung transplant recipients (LTR) is reported to be comparable with that of the general population. However, previous studies have shown that exercise capacity was reduced to 30 - 40 % of normal values. The purpose of this study was to investigate the gap between good self-reported quality of life and reduced exercise capacity in LTR, to describe possible correlations and to compare the results with those of a control group (CG). Methods: 27 LTR 208 ± 67 days after bilateral lund transplantation (16 male, 11 female; age: 46 ± 10 years; body mass index: 24 ± 3 kg · m- 2 , FEV1 % 75 ± 27 %) and 30 controls (17 male 13 female; age 47 ± 15 years; BMI: 26 ± 4 kg · m- 2 , FEV1 % 103 ± 15 %) performed cardiopulmonary exercise testing and were interviewed with the standardized German „Quality of life profile for chronic disease” self-rating questionnaire. Results: Significant differences were shown in objective exercise related variables (peak oxygen consumption: LTR 15.1 ± 1.8, CG 34.5 ± 9.1 ml · min- 1 · kg- 1 ; p < 0,01); peak workload: LTR 1.0 ± 0.2; CG 2.4 ± 1.0 W · kg- 1 ; p < 0.01); percentage of predicted workload: LTR 44 ± 12, CG 115 ± 33 %; p < 0.01). The rating of subjective quality of life in physical, psychological and social domains of LTR did not differ from values of the CG or of the general population (n = 1143). The quality of life in the physical domain correlated significantly with peak exercise capacity (LTR r = 0.44, p < 0.05; CG r = 0.37; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Patients 7 months after lung transplantation described their physical, social and psychological quality of life as equally good as the healthy control group. However, peak exercise capacity and oxygen consumption were markedly reduced. To improve physical capacity in the range of daily activities, an exercise training program should be offered to patients after lung transplantation.
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Dr. med. Uwe Tegtbur
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover · Sportmedizinisches Zentrum (OE 4252)
Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1
30625 Hannover
eMail: tegtbur.uwe@mh-hannover.de