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DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-814878
Zum optimalen Öffnungsdruck hydrostatischer Ventile beim idiopathischen Normaldruckhydrozephalus: Eine prospektive Studie mit 122 Patienten
The Optimal Opening Pressure of Hydrostatic Valves in Cases of Idiopathic Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Prospective Study with 122 PatientsPublication History
Publication Date:
01 June 2004 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Zielstellung: Hat der Ventilöffnungsdruck hydrostatischer Ventile Einfluss auf den Krankheitsverlauf von Patienten mit idiopathischem Normaldruckhydrozephalus? Patienten und Methode: Von September 1997 bis Januar 2003 wurden in den Neurochirurgischen Kliniken des Unfallkrankenhauses Berlin-Marzahn und der Universität Homburg/Saar 122 Patienten mit einem idiopathischen Normaldruckhydrozephalus (iNPH) durch Implantation eines hydrostatischen Ventils operativ behandelt. Die Ergebnisse der klinischen Untersuchung, des intrathekalen Infusionstestes und des Zerebrospinal-Tap-Tests dienten als Entscheidungshilfe zur Shuntoperation. Bei allen Patienten erfolgte in einer prospektiven Studie die klinische Untersuchung präoperativ, postoperativ und ein Jahr nach der Operation. Ergebnisse: 43 % der Patienten weisen einen sehr guten, 25 % einen guten und 20 % einen befriedigenden sowie 12 % einen schlechten Krankheitsverlauf ein Jahr nach der Shuntoperation auf. Patienten mit einer Öffnungsdruckstufe von 50 mm H2O im Niederdruckbereich des Schwerkraftventils zeigten einen statistisch signifikant besseren Krankheitsverlauf als diejenigen mit einer Öffnungsdruckstufe von 100 bzw. 130 mm H2O. Als ventilunabhängige Komplikationen (11 %) wurden 8 Dislokationen (7 %) von Ventrikel- oder Abdominalkathetern, drei Katheterabrisse (2 %) und drei Ventilinfektionen (2 %) eruiert. Als ventilabhängige Komplikationen (10 %) fand man bei 4 Patienten (3 %) Unterdrainagen und bei 8 Patienten (7 %) radiologische Zeichen der Überdrainage, wobei 4 Patienten (3 %) eine symptomatische Überdrainage aufwiesen. Schlussfolgerung: Hydrostatische Ventile mit einer Öffnungsdruckstufe von 50 mm H2O im Niederdruckbereich stellen nach derzeitigen Erkenntnissen die optimale Therapieoption bei Patienten mit einem iNPH dar. Aufgrund der frühzeitigen Schaltfunktion bei Veränderung der Körperhaltung des Patienten (Liegen, Stehen, Sitzen und „schiefe Ebene” etc.) ist hierfür das Miethke-Gravity Assisted Valve (GAV) Aesculap® besser geeignet als das Miethke-Dual-Switch-Ventil (DSV) Aesculap®. Können programmierbare Schwerkraftventile bei Patienten mit einem iNPH zur weiteren Optimierung des Krankheitsverlaufes bei Minimierung der ventilabhängigen Komplikationen beitragen?
Abstract
Objective: For the choice of the optimal opening pressure of the valve in patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), it has to be figured out if a lower pressure level is associated with a higher risk of overdrainage, and a medium pressure valve with underdrainage as well. Methods: In a prospective study the Miethke dual-switch valve (DSV) Aesculap® was implanted in 96 patients with iNPH, and a Miethke gravity assisted valve (GAV) Aesculap® in 26 patients. The patients were assessed prior to and after operation, and re-evaluated 1 year after surgery. The technical principles of the gravitation devices are presented. Results: The clinical follow-up showed excellent or good results in 68 % of the patients, satisfactory results in 20 %, and a poor outcome in 12 % of the cases. The outcome correlated with the opening pressure of the valve. We found a significantly better outcome in patients with low pressure valve (50 mm H2O) in contrast to patients with medium pressure valves (100 and 130 mm H2O). The valve-related rate of overdrainage was 7 %, the rate of underdrainage 3 %, and the infection rate 2 %. Conclusion: A significant better outcome in patients with low pressure valves is accompanied with an increased rate of symptomatic overdrainage (6 % versus 1 %) in cases with DSV Aesculap®, but not in cases with GAV Aesculap®. The rise of underdrainage was higher in patients with medium pressure valves (6 %) opposing patients with low pressure valves (0 %). The adjustable gravitation valve „Pro-GAV” Aesculap® is supposed to solve this problem.
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Ullrich Meier
Direktor der Klinik für Neurochirurgie · Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin
Warener Straße 7
12683 Berlin
Email: ullrich.meier@ukb.de