Download PDF
Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2004; 6(2): 140-146
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-817847
Original Paper

Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Molecular Cytogenetics of Xeranthemum L. and Related Genera (Asteraceae, Cardueae)

T. Garnatje1 , 3 , J. Vallès2 , R. Vilatersana1 , N. Garcia-Jacas1 , A. Susanna1 , S. Siljak-Yakovlev3
  • 1Institut Botànic de Barcelona (CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Passeig del Migdia s.n., Parc de Montjuïc, 08038 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
  • 2Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, s.n., 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
  • 3Laboratoire d'Evolution et Systématique, UMR-CNRS 8079, Université de Paris-Sud, Bât. 360, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
26 March 2004 (online)

   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Seven representatives of the genera Amphoricarpus, Chardinia, Siebera, and Xeranthemum, all of them closely related as demonstraded by molecular phylogeny, have been studied from a cytogenetic perspective. Morphometrical karyotype parameters were calculated and idiograms obtained. Fluorochrome banding was performed with chromomycin A3 to identify GC-rich regions in the chromosomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization allowed us to locate the sites of 18S-5.8S-26S and 5S rDNA. Silver nitrate staining was used to count the number of nucleoli and to detect the active nucleolar organizing regions. Systematic and evolutionary issues are addressed in the light of these data.

Key words

Amphoricarpus - Chardinia - Siebera - Compositae - fluorochrome banding - fluorescence in situ hybridization - genome organization - nucleolar organizing regions.

References

  • 1 Bennetzen J. L., Kellogg E. A.. Do plants have a one-way ticket to genomic obesity?.  Plant Cell. (1997);  9 1509-1514
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 2 Bremer K.. Asteraceae. Cladistics and Classification. Portland, Oregon; Timber Press (1994)
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 3 Cerbah M., Coulaud J., Godelle B., Siljak-Yakovlev S.. Genome size, fluorochrome banding and karyotype evolution in some Hypochaeris species.  Genome. (1995);  38 689-695
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 4 Cerbah M., Coulaud J., Siljak-Yakovlev S.. rDNA organization and evolutionary relationships in the genus Hypochaeris (Asteraceae).  The Journal of Heredity. (1998);  89 312-318
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 5 Cerbah M., Coulaud J., Brown S. C., Siljak-Yakovlev S.. Evolutionary DNA variation in the genus Hypochaeris. .  Heredity. (1999);  82 261-266
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 6 Falistocco E., Falcinelli M.. Genomic organization of rDNA loci in natural populations of Medicago trunculata Gaertn.  Hereditas. (2003);  138 1-5
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Fernández Casas J., Susanna A.. Monografía de la sección Chamaecyanus Willkomm del género Centaurea L.  Treballs de l'Institut Botànic de Barcelona. (1986);  10 5-174
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 8 Feulgen R., Rossenbeck H.. Mikroskopisch-chemischer Nachweis einer Nucleinsäure vom Typus der Thymonucleinsäure und die darauf beruhende selektive Färbung von Zellkernen in mikroskopischen Präparaten.  Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie. (1924);  135 203-248
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 9 Garcia-Jacas N., Susanna A., Ilarlsan R.. Aneuploidy in the Centaureinae (Compositae): is n = 7 the end of the series?.  Taxon. (1996);  45 39-42
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 10 Garcia-Jacas N., Susanna A., Garnatje T., Vilatersana R.. Generic delimitation and phylogeny of the subtribe Centaureinae (Asteraceae): a combined nuclear and chloroplast DNA analysis.  Annals of Botany. (2001);  87 503-515
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 11 Garnatje T., Vallès J., Garcia S., Hidalgo O., Sanz M., Canela M. Á, Siljak-Yakovlev S.. Genome size in Echinops L. and related genera (Asteraceae, Cardueae): karyological, ecological and phylogenetic implications.  Biology of the Cell. (2004 a);  in press
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 12 Garnatje T., Vilatersana R., Susanna A., Vallès J., Siljak-Yakovlev S.. Contribution to the karyological knowledge of Echinops L. (Asteraceae, Cardueae) and related genera.  Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. (2004 b);  in press
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 13 Gatt M., Hammett K., Murray B.. Confirmation of ancient polyploidy in Dahlia (Asteraceae) species using genomic in situ hybridization.  Annals of Botany. (1999);  84 39-48
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 Geber G., Schweizer D.. Cytochemical heterochromatin differentiation in Sinapis alba (Cruciferae) using a simple air-drying technique for producing chromosome spreads.  Plant Systematics and Evolution. (1987);  158 97-106
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 15 Gerlach W. L., Bedbrook J. R.. Cloning and characterization of ribosomal RNA genes from wheat and barley.  Nucleic Acids Research. (1979);  7 1869-1885
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 16 Gerlach W. L., Dyer T. A.. Sequence organization of the repeating units in the nucleus of wheat which contain 5S rRNA genes.  Nucleic Acids Research. (1980);  8 4851-4865
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Goldblatt P.. Index to plant chromosome numbers 1984 - 1985.  Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden. (1988);  23
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 18 Goldblatt P., Johnson D. E.. Index to plant chromosome numbers 1986 - 1987.  Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden. (1990);  30
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 19 Grant V.. Periodicities in the chromosome numbers of the angiosperms.  Botanical Gazette. (1982 a);  143 379-389
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 20 Grant V.. Chromosome number patterns in primitive angiosperms.  Botanical Gazette. (1982 b);  143 390-394
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 21 Heslop-Harrison J. S., Schwarzacher T., Anamthawat-Jonsson K., Leitch A. R., Shi M., Leitch I. J.. In situ hybridization with automated chromosome denaturation.  Technique - A Journal of Methods in Cell and Molecular Biology. (1991);  3 109-116
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 22 Lacadena J. R., Cermeño M. C., Orellana J., Santos J. L.. Evidence for wheat-rye nucleolar competition (amphiplasty) in triticale by silver staining procedure.  Theoretical and Applied Genetics. (1984);  67 207-213
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 23 Levan A., Fredga K., Sandberg A. A.. Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes.  Hereditas. (1964);  52 201-220
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 24 Lewis W. H.. Polyploidy in angiosperms: dicotyledons. Lewis, W. H., ed. Polyploidy. Biological Relevance. New York, London; Plenum Press (1980): 241-268
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 25 Maluszynska J., Heslop-Harrison J. S.. Localization of tandemly-repeated DNA sequences in Arabidopsis thaliana. .  The Plant Journal. (1991);  1 159-166
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 26 McDonald J. F.. Transposable elements, gene silencing and macroevolution.  Trends in Ecology and Evolution. (1998);  13 94-95
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 27 Otto S. P., Whitton J.. Polyploid incidence and evolution.  Annual Review of Genetics. (2000);  34 401-437
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 28 Price H. J., Bachmann K.. DNA content and evolution in the Microseridinae.  American Journal of Botany. (1975);  62 262-267
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 29 Romero C.. A new method for estimating karyotype asymmetry.  Taxon. (1986);  35 526-530
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 30 Schweizer D.. Reverse fluorescent chromosome banding with chromomycin and DAPI.  Chromosoma. (1976);  58 307-324
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 31 Shibata F., Hizume M.. Evolution of 5S rDNA units and their chromosomal localization in Allium cepa and Allium schoenoprasmum revealed by microdissection and FISH.  Theoretical and Applied Genetics. (2002);  105 167-172
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 32 Shishkin B. K., Bobrov E. G.. (eds.). .Flora of the USSR, Vol. 27. Dehra Dun; Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh and Koeltz Scientific Books (1997)
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 33 Siljak-Yakovlev S.. Étude cytogénétique et palynologique de Compositae endémiques ou reliques de la flore yougoslave. Université de Paris-Sud: PhD thesis. (1986)
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 34 Siljak-Yakovlev S.. La dysploïdie et l'évolution du caryotype.  Bocconea. (1996);  5 211-220
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 35 Siljak-Yakovlev S., Cerbah M., Coulaud J., Stoian V., Brown S. C., Zoldos V., Jelenic S., Papes D.. Nuclear DNA content, base composition, heterochromatin and rDNA in Picea omorika and Picea abies. .  Theoretical and Applied Genetics. (2002);  104 505-512
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 36 Singh R. J., Kim H. H., Hymowitz T.. Distribution of rDNA loci in the genus Glycine Willd.  Theoretical and Applied Genetics. (2001);  103 212-218
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 37 Stebbins G. L.. Chromosomal Evolution in Higher Plants. London; Arnold Pub (1971)
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 38 Susanna A., Garcia-Jacas N.. The tribe Cardueae. Kubitzki, J., ed. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Heidelberg; Springer-Verlag, in press (2004)
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 39 Tagashira N., Kondo K.. Chromosome phylogeny of Zamia and Ceratozamia by means of Robertsonian changes detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique of rDNA.  Plant Systematics and Evolution. (2001);  227 145-155
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 40 Torrell M., Vallès J.. Genome size in 21 Artemisia L. species (Asteraceae, Anthemideae): systematic, evolutionary, and ecological implications.  Genome. (2001);  44 231-238
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 41 Torrell M., Vallès J., Garcia-Jacas N., Mozaffarian V., Gabrielian E.. New or rare chromosome counts in the genus Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) from Armenia and Iran.  Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. (2001);  135 51-60
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 42 Uozu S., Ikehashi H., Ohmido N., Ohtsubo H., Ohtsubo E., Fukui K.. Repetitive sequences: cause for variation in genome size and chromosome morphology in the genus Oryza. .  Plant Molecular Biology. (1997);  35 791-799
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 43 Vallès J., Siljak-Yakovlev S.. Cytogenetic studies in the genus Artemisia L. (Asteraceae): fluorochrome-banded karyotypes of five taxa, including the Iberian endemic species Artemisia barrelieri Besser.  Canadian Journal of Botany. (1997);  75 595-606
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 45 Vilatersana R., Susanna A., Garcia-Jacas N., Garnatje T.. Karyology, generic delineation and dysploidy in the genera Carduncellus, Carthamus and Phonus (Asteraceae).  Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. (2000);  134 425-438
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 46 Vischi M., Jurman I., Bianchi G., Morgante M.. Karyotype of Norway spruce by multicolor FISH.  Theoretical and Applied Genetics. (2003);  107 591-597
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 47 Wendel J. F.. Genome evolution in polyploids.  Plant Molecular Biology. (2000);  42 225-249
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 48 Zoldos V., Papes D., Panaud O., Besendorfer V., Siljak-Yakovlev S.. Molecular-cytogenetic studies of ribosomal genes and heterochromatin reveal conserved genome organization among 11 Quercus species.  Theoretical and Applied Genetics. (1999);  99 969-977
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar

T. Garnatje

Institut Botànic de Barcelona (CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona)
Passeig del Migdia s.n. Parc de Montjuïc

08038 Barcelona, Catalonia

Spain

Email: laboratori@ibb.csic.es

Section Editor: F. Salamini