Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: Primäre Zielsetzung dieser Studie war, die „Nichtunterlegenheit“ hinsichtlich des progressionsfreien Überlebens einer zweijährigen adjuvanten GnRHa-Behandlung (Leuprorelinacetat 3-Monats-Depot [LAD-3M], Trenantone®) versus einer CMF-Chemotherapie bei hormonrezeptor- und nodalpositiven, prä-perimenopausalen Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom zu überprüfen. Weitere Parameter waren die Suppression der Östradiol-Serum-Spiegel und die Amenorrhöraten. Patientinnen und Methodik: Prä- und perimenopausale, hormonrezeptorpositive Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom und bis zu neun positiven Lymphknoten wurden in zwei Therapiearme randomisiert. Die Gruppe 1 erhielt adjuvant 11,25 mg LAD-3M s.c. dreimonatlich über zwei Jahre und die Gruppe 2 sechs i.v. Doppelzyklen CMF (Cyclophosphamid 500 mg/m2 , Methotrexat 40 mg/m2 , 5-Fluorouracil 600 mg/m2 ) an Tag 1 und 8 alle 28 Tage. Das progressionsfreie Überleben nach 2 Jahren wurde für die „Per-Protokoll“ (PP)-Analyse durch den einseitigen Äquivalenztest nach Farrington-Manning überprüft. Eine Differenz von ≤ 10 % wurde als äquivalent definiert. Ergebnisse: In der PP-Population (n = 526) blieben nach zwei Jahren 83 % (224/270) der mit LAD-3M und 80,9 % (207/256) der mit CMF behandelten Patientinnen progressionsfrei (p = 0,0002). Dies widerlegte die Hypothese, dass die Behandlung mit LAD-3M hinsichtlich des progressionsfreien Überlebens der CMF-Therapie in klinisch relevantem Maße unterlegen ist. Das Nebenwirkungsprofil zeigte das erwartete Muster mit typischen postmenopausalen Beschwerden unter der LAD-3M-Therapie und chemotherapieinduzierten Symptomen unter der CMF-Behandlung. Die Suppression der Östradiolspiegel war bei LAD-3M ausgeprägter und führte zu höheren Amenorrhöraten. Schlussfolgerung: Das 3-Monats-Depot von Leuprorelinacetat ist bei rezeptorpositiven prä- und perimenopausalen Patientinnen als adjuvante Behandlung gleich wirksam wie CMF. Es bietet eine echte Alternative bei günstigerem Nebenwirkungsprofil.
Abstract
Purpose: Primary aim of this study was to investigate whether an adjuvant two year GnRHa treatment (leuprorelinacetate 3 month depot [LAD-3M], Trenantone®) shows “non-inferiority” with respect to progression-free survival in comparison to CMF chemotherapy in hormone receptor- and nodal-positive, pre-perimenopausal patients with breast cancer. Further criteria were suppression of oestradiol serum levels and induction of amenorrhoea. Patients and Methods: Pre-perimenopausal, hormone receptor positive patients with breast cancer and up to nine positive lymph nodes were randomized into two study arms. Group 1 received adjuvant 11.25 mg LAD-3M s. c. every three months for two years and group 2 six i. v. double cycles of CMF (Cyclophosphamide 500 mg, Methotrexate 40 mg, 5-Fluorouracil 600 mg each per m2 ) on days 1 and 8 every 28 days. The progression-free survival after 2 years, was statistically analyzed for the per protocol (PP) treated patients in a one-sided equivalence test according to Farrington-Manning. A difference of ≤ 10 % was defined as equivalent. Results: In the (n = 526) PP population 83 % (224/270) of the LAD-3M and 80.9 % (207/256) in the CMF group remained progression free after two years (p = 0.0002). Therefore the hypothesis that the treatment with LAD-3M is clinically relevant inferior to CMF with respect to progression-free survival could be rejected. The side effect profile showed the expected symptoms with typical postmenopausal complaints and chemotherapy induced symptoms with LAD-3M and CMF respectively. Suppression of oestradiol serum levels was more pronounced in the LAD-3M treatment group and higher rates of amenorrhoea resulted with the CMF treatment. Conclusion: The 3 month depot of leuprorelinacetate in receptor positive, pre-perimenopausal patients as an adjuvant treatment is as effective as CMF and therefore is a real alternative to chemotherapy with a better side effect profile.
Schlüsselwörter
Mammakarzinom - prämenopausal - adjuvant - GnRHa - Leuprorelinacetat
Key words
Breast cancer - premenopausal - adjuvant - GnRHa - leuprorelinacetate
Literatur
1
Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group ( EBCTCG).
Systemic treatment of early breast cancer by hormonal, cytotoxic, or immune therapy. 133 randomised trials involving 31 000 recurrences and 24 000 deaths among 75 000 women.
Lancet.
1992;
339
71-85
2
Goldhirsch A, Wood W C, Gelber R D. et al .
Meeting highlights: updated international expert consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer.
J Clin Oncol.
2003;
21
3357-3365
3
Beatson G T.
On the treatment of inoperable cases of carcinoma of the mamma: suggestions for a new method of treatment with illustrative cases.
Lancet.
1896;
2
104-107
4
Jänicke F.
Endokrine Therapie des Mammakarzinoms. Stand und Perspektiven.
Geburtsh Frauenheilk.
1988;
48
677-686
5
Scottish Cancer Trials Breast Group and ICRF Breast Unit, Guy's Hospital, London .
Adjuvant ovarian ablation versus CMF chemotherapy in premenopausal women with pathological stage II breast carcinoma: the Scottish trial.
Lancet.
1993;
341
1293-1298
6
Harvey H A, Lipton A, Max D T. et al .
Medical castration produced by the GnRH analogue leuprolide to treat metastatic breast cancer.
J Clin Oncol.
1985;
3
1068-1072
7
Bianco A R, Rosso R, Calabresi F. et al .
LH-RH analogue Zoladex in the treatment of pre- and perimenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer (results of the Italian Cooperative Study).
Eur J Gynaecol Oncol.
1991;
12
429-437
8
Kaufmann M, Jonat W, Schachner-Wunschmann E. et al .
The depot GnRH analogue goserelin in the treatment of premenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer - a 5-year experience and further endocrine therapies. Cooperative German Zoladex Study Group.
Onkologie.
1991;
14
22-30
9
Dowsett M, Mehta A, Mansi J. et al .
A dose-comparative endocrine-clinical study of leuprorelin in premenopausal breast cancer patients.
Br J Cancer.
1990;
62
834-837
10
Untch M. (für die Deutsche Leuprorelin-Studiengruppe) .
Endokrine Primärtherapie des prä- bzw. perimenopausalen metastasierten Mammakarzinoms mit Leuprorelinacetat-Depot.
Zentralbl Gynäkol.
1998;
120
284-292
11
Kaufmann M, Schmid H, Kiesel L. et al .
GnRH-Agonisten (Zoladex)-Therapie bei prämenopausalen Frauen mit metastasierendem Mammakarzinom.
Geburtsh Frauenheilk.
1988;
48
528-532
12
Jonat W, Kaufmann M, Sauerbrei W. et al .
Goserelin versus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil as adjuvant therapy in premenopausal patients with node-positive breast cancer: The Zoladex Early Breast Cancer Research Association Study.
J Clin Oncol.
2002;
20
4628-4635
13
Castiglione-Gertsch M, O'Neill A, Price K N. et al .
Adjuvant chemotherapy followed by goserelin versus either modality alone for premenopausal lymph node-negative breast cancer: a randomized trial.
J Natl Cancer Inst.
2003;
95
1833-1846
14
Thomson C S, Twelves C J, Mallon E A. et al .
Adjuvant ovarian ablation vs CMF chemotherapy in premenopausal breast cancer patients: trial update and impact of immunohistochemical assessment of ER status.
Breast.
2002;
11
419-429
15
Pagani O, O'Neill A, Castiglione M. et al .
Prognostic impact of amenorrhoea after adjuvant chemotherapy in premenopausal breast cancer patients with axillary node involvement: results of the International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Trial VI.
Eur J Cancer.
1998;
34
632-640
16
Poikonen P, Saarto T, Elomaa I. et al .
Prognostic effect of amenorrhoea and elevated serum gonadotropin levels induced by adjuvant chemotherapy in premenopausal node-positive breast cancer patients.
Eur J Cancer.
2000;
36
43-48
17
Boccardo F, Rubagotti A, Amoroso D. et al .
Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil versus tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression as adjuvant treatment of estrogen receptor-positive pre-/perimenopausal breast cancer patients: results of the Italian Breast Cancer Adjuvant Study Group 02 randomized trial.
J Clin Oncol.
2000;
18
2718-2727
18
Jakesz R, Hausmaninger H, Kubista E. et al .
Randomized adjuvant trial of tamoxifen and goserelin versus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil: evidence for the superiority of treatment with endocrine blockade in premenopausal patients with hormone-responsive breast cancer - Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group Trial 5.
J Clin Oncol.
2002;
20
4621-4627
19
Davidson N E, O'Neill A, Vukov A. et al .
Chemohormonal therapy in premenopausal node-positive, receptor-positive breast cancer: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group phase III intergroup trial (E5188, INT-0101).
Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol.
2003;
22
5-(Abstract 15)
20
Levine M N, Bramwell V H, Pritchard K I. et al .
Randomized trial of intensive cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil chemotherapy compared with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in premenopausal women with node-positive breast cancer. National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group.
J Clin Oncol.
1998;
16
2651-2658
21
Pritchard K I, O'Malley F A, Andrulis I. et al .
Prognostic and predictive value of Her2/neu in a randomized trial comparing CMF to CEF in premenopausal women with axillary lymph node positive breast cancer (NCIC CTG MA. 5).
Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol.
2002;
21
42a-(Abstract 165)
22
Piccart M J, Di Leo A, Beauduin M. et al .
Phase III trial comparing two dose levels of epirubicin combined with cyclophosphamide with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in node-positive breast cancer.
J Clin Oncol.
2001;
19
3103-3110
1 M. Untch und S. Kahlert sind gemeinsame Erstautoren.
Dr. Steffen Kahlert, PD Dr. Michael Untch
Klinik und Poliklinik f. Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe - Großhadern Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Marchioninistraße 15
81377 München
Email: Steffen.Kahlert@med.uni-muenchen.de