Was gibt es Neues zum Restless-legs-Syndrom?

Zusammenfassung

Die RLS-Forschung hat sich in den letzten Jahren dynamisch entwickelt. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick zum aktuellen Stand der Klinik, Epidemiologie, Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik, Klassifikation sowie der Therapie des RLS. Eine Prävalenz des RLS von ca. 10 % der erwachsenen Bevölkerung der westlichen Länder wurde mehrfach bestätigt. Im Bereich der Diagnostik sind revidierte Diagnosekriterien für das RLS und die Entwicklung von standardisierten Methoden zur Erfassung der RLS-Diagnose und des Schweregrades herauszustellen. Neue klinische Studien belegen die Wirksamkeit dopaminerger Medikamente (L-Dopa, Dopaminagonisten) beim RLS. Augmentation, insbesondere der frühere Beginn der Beschwerden am Tage, kann jedoch Therapieumstellungen erzwingen. Therapiealternativen sind Opiate und Gabapentin.

Summary

Dynamic process occurred in RLS research during the last years. An overview is provided on current status of epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches, classification as well as therapy of RLS. A prevalence of RLS in about 10 % of the adult population in western countries is stabilized. New diagnostic criteria for RLS and the development of standardized methods for diagnostic assessment of RLS and evaluation of its severity are of major importance. Recent clinical trials showed efficacy of RLS therapy with dopaminergic drugs; however, treatment with L-dopa and some dopamine agonists can be hampered by augmentation. Alternative therapies are opioids and gabapentin.

KeyWords:

RLS - diagnostic criteria - therapy - epidemiology - pathophysiology

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