Zusammenfassung
Diese Arbeit referiert die Ergebnisse kontrollierter Studien zur Therapie akuter Migräneattacken mit spezifischen Migränemitteln wie Mutterkornalkaloiden und Triptanen. Vergleichsstudien sind möglich als direkter Vergleich zweier Substanzen oder basieren auf großen Metaanalysen. Die meisten Studien benutzten eine Besserung der Kopfschmerzen zwei Stunden nach Einnahme des Migränemittels von schwer oder mittelschwer auf leichte oder keine Kopfschmerzen als den primären Zielparameter. Die Internationale Kopfschmerzgesellschaft empfiehlt aber entweder den Endpunkt „schmerzfrei nach zwei Stunden” oder „sustained pain free” zu benutzen (= schmerzfrei nach zwei Stunden, kein Wiederkehrkopfschmerz, keine zusätzliche Medikation). Mittelschwere und schwere Migräneattacken sollten mit spezifischen Migränemitteln behandelt werden. Dabei sind Triptane signifikant wirksamer als Mutterkornalkaloide. Nicht alle Triptane sind gleich wirksam. Sie unterscheiden sich in Wirksamkeit, Häufigkeit des Wiederkehrkopfschmerzes und den Nebenwirkungen.
Abstract
This review summarizes the results of treatment trials with ergots and 5-HT1B/D-agonists (triptans) for the treatment of acute migraine attacks. A comparison between anti-migraine drugs is only possible in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with head-to-head comparisons. Another way to indirectly compare the different triptans is a meta-analysis. The primary endpoint in most headache trials is the improvement from severe or moderate head pain to mild or no pain after 2 hours. The most recent recommendations of the International Headache Society, however, propose 2 hour pain free and 24 hours sustained pain free (pain free after 2 hours, no rescue medication, and no recurrence) as the appropriate endpoints for clinical trials in migraine treatment. Moderate or severe migraine attacks should be treated with specific migraine drugs. These include ergot alkaloids (also called ergots) and triptans. The efficacy of ergots is lower than that of the triptans. Not all triptans are the same. Differences can be shown for efficacy, recurrence rates and side effects.
Literatur
-
1 Tfelt-Hansen P. Preliminary analysis of randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials with newer 5-HT1D receptor agonists for the treatment of migraine attacks. In: Olesen J, Tfelt-Hansen P (eds) Headache Treatment: Trial Methodology and New Drugs. New York; Lippincott-Raven 1997 6: 253-256
-
2
Ferrari M D, Roon K I, Lipton R B, Goadsby P.
Oral triptans (serotonin 5-HT[1B/1D] agonists) in acute migraine treatment: a meta-analysis of 53 trials.
Lancet.
2001;
358
1668-1675
-
3
Belsey J B.
Reconciling effectiveness and tolerability in oral triptan therapy: A qualitative approach to decision making in migraine management.
J Clin Res.
2001;
4
105-125
-
4
Tfelt-Hansen P, Block G, Dahlof C. et al, for the International Headache Society Clinical Trials Subcommittee .
Guidelines for controlled trials of drugs in migraine: second edition.
Cephalalgia.
2000;
20
765-786
-
5
Tfelt-Hansen P, Saxena P R, Dahlöf C. et al .
Ergotamine in the acute treatment of migraine. A review and European consensus.
Brain.
2000;
123
9-18
-
6
Dahlöf C.
Placebo-controlled clinical trials with ergotamine in the acute treatment of migraine.
Cephalalgia.
1993;
13
166-171
-
7
McNeely W, Goa K L.
Diclofenac-potassium in migraine.
Drugs.
1999;
57
991-1003
-
8
Titus F, Lainez J, Leira R. et al .
Double-blind, multicentric, comparative study of lysin acetylsalicylate (1620 mg equivalent to 900 mg aspirin) + metoclopramide (10 mg) versus ergotamine (2 mg) + caffeine (200 mg) in the treatment of migraine.
Cephalalgia.
1999;
19
371
-
9
The Multinational Oral Sumatriptan Cafergot Comparative Study Group .
A randomized, double-blind comparison of sumatriptan and Cafergot in the acute treatment of migraine.
Eur Neurol.
1991;
31
314-322
-
10
Diener H C, Reches A, Pascual J. et al, on behalf of the Eletriptan and Cafergot Comparative Study Group .
Efficacy, tolerability and safety of oral eletriptan and ergotamine plus caffeine (Cafergot) in the acute treatment of migraine: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison.
Europ Neurol.
2002;
47
99-107
-
11
Christie S, Göbel H, Mateos V. et al, Rizatriptan-Ergotamine/Caffeine Preference Study Group .
Crossover comparison of efficacy and preference for rizatriptan 10 mg versus ergotamine/caffeine in migraine.
Eur Neurol.
2002;
49
20-29
-
12
Horton B T, Peters G A.
Clinical manifestations of excessive use of ergotamine preparations and management of withdrawal effect: report of 52 cases.
Headache.
1963;
3
214-226
-
13
Diener H C, Limmroth V.
Medication-overuse headache: a worldwide problem.
Lancet Neurology.
2004;
3
475-483
-
14
Olesen J, Bousser M-G, Diener H. et al, for the International Headache Society .
The International Classification of Headache Disorders. 2nd Edition.
Cephalalgia.
2004;
24 (Suppl 1)
1-160
-
15
Diener H C, Katsarava Z.
Medication overuse headache.
Curr Med Res Opin.
2002;
17
17-21
-
16
Tfelt-Hansen P.
Efficacy and adverse events of subcutaneous, oral, and intranasal sumatriptan used for migraine treatment: a systematic review based on number needed to treat.
Cephalalgia.
1998;
18
532-538
-
17
Pfaffenrath V, Cunin G, Sjonell G, Prendergast S.
Efficacy and safety of sumatriptan tablets (25 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg) in the acute treatment of migraine: defining the optimum doses of oral sumatriptan.
Headache.
1998;
38
184-190
-
18
Moore K HP, Hussey E K, Shaw S. et al .
Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of sumatriptan in healthy subjects following ascending single intranasal doses and multiple intranasal doses.
Cephalalgia.
1997;
17
541-550
-
19
Becker W J.
A placebo-controlled, dose-defining study of sumatriptan nasal spray in the acute treatment of migraine.
Cephalalgia.
1995;
15 (Suppl 14)
271-276
-
20
Ryan R, Elkind A, Baker C C. et al .
Sumatriptan nasal spray for the acute treatment of migraine.
Neurology.
1997;
49
1225-1230
-
21
Ashford E, Salonen R, Saiers J, Woessner M.
Consistency of response to sumatriptan nasal spray across patient subgroups and migraine types.
Cephalalgia.
1998;
18
273-277
-
22
Göbel H. on behalf of the Study Group .
A placebo-controlled, dose defining study of sumatriptan suppositories in the acute treatment of migraine.
Cephalalgia.
1995;
15 (Suppl 14)
232
-
23
Tepper S J, Cochran A, Hobbs S, Woessner M. on the behalf of the S2B351 Study Group .
Sumatriptan suppositories for the acute treatment of migraine.
Int J Clin Pract.
1998;
52
31-35
-
24
Barrows C, Saunders W, Austin R. et al, for the SNAP Study Group .
The sumatriptan/naratriptan aggregated patient (SNAP) database: aggregation, validation and application.
Cephalalgia.
2004;
24
586-595
-
25
Diener H C, Ferrari M, Mansbach H. for the SNAP Database Study Group .
Predicting the response to sumatriptan: the Sumatriptan Naratriptan Aggregate Patient Database.
Neurology.
2004;
63
520-524
-
26
Walls C, Lewis A, Bullman J. et al .
Pharmokinetic profile of a new form of sumatriptan tablets in healthy volunteers.
Curr Med Res Opin.
2004;
20
803-809
-
27
Schulman E, Dermott K.
Sumatriptan plus metoclopramide in triptan-nonresponsive migraineurs.
Headache.
2003;
43
729-733
-
28
Perry C M, Markham A.
Sumatriptan. An updated review of its use in migraine.
Drugs.
1998;
55
889-922
-
29
Joffe R T, Sokolov S T.
Co-administration of fluoxetine and sumatriptan: the Canadian experience.
Acta Psychiatr Scand.
1997;
95
551-552
-
30
Freitag F G, Diamond S, Diamond M. et al .
Subcutaneous sumatriptan in patients treated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors and other prophylactic agents.
Headache Quarterly.
1998;
9
165-171
-
31
Klassen A, Elkind A, Asharnejad M. et al, on behalf of the Naratriptan S2WA3001 Study Group .
Naratriptan is effective and well tolerated in the acute treatment of migraine. Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study.
Headache.
1997;
37
630-645
-
32
Mathew N T, Asgharnejad M, Peykamian M, Laurenza A. on behalf of the Naratriptan S2WA3001 Study Group .
Naratriptan is effective and well tolerated in the acute treatment of migraine. Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.
Neurology.
1997;
49
1485-1490
-
33
Gunasekara N S, Wiseman L R.
Naratriptan.
CNS Drugs.
1997;
8
402-408
-
34 Goadsby P J. Treatment of acute migraine attacks with naratriptan. In: Diener H-C (ed) Drug Treatment of Migraine and other Frequent Headaches. Basel; Karger AG 2000: 134-140
-
35
Heywood J, Bomhof M AM, Pradalier A. et al .
Tolerability and efficacy of naratriptan tablets in the acute treatment of migraine attacks for 1 year.
Cephalalgia.
2000;
20
470-474
-
36
Sheftell F, O'Quinn S, Watson C. et al .
Low migraine headache recurrence with naratriptan: clinical parameters related to recurrence.
Headache.
2000;
40
103-110
-
37
Goadsby P J, Knight Y E.
Direct evidence for central sites of action of zolmitriptan (311C90): an autoradiographic study in cat.
Cephalalgia.
1997;
17
153-158
-
38
Ellrich J, Messlinger K, Chiang C Y, Hu J W.
Modulation of neuronal activity in the nucleus raphe magnus by the 5-HT1-receptor agonist naratriptan in rat.
Pain.
2001;
90
227-231
-
39
Ferrari M D.
311C90: Increasing the options for the therapy with effective acute antimigraine 5HT1B/D receptor agonists.
Neurology.
1997;
48, Suppl 3
21-24
-
40
Rapoport A M, Ramadan N M, Adelmann J U. et al, on behalf of The 017 Clinical Trial Study Group .
Optimizing the dose of zolmitriptan (Zomig, 311C90) for the acute treatment of migraine. A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding study.
Neurology.
1997;
49
1210-1218
-
41
Dahlöf C, Diener H C, Goadsby P J. et al .
Zolmitriptan, a 5-HT1B/D receptor agonist for the acute oral treatment of migraine: a multicentre, dose-range finding study.
Europ J Neurol.
1998;
5
535-543
-
42
Geraud G, Olesen J, Pfaffenrath V. et al, on behalf of the Study Group .
Comparison of the efficacy of zolmitriptan and sumatriptan: issues in migraine trial design.
Cephalalgia.
2000;
20
30-38
-
43
Solomon G D, Cade R K, Klapper J A. et al, on behalf of The 042 Clinical Trial Study Group .
Clinical efficacy and tolerability of 2,5 mg zolmitriptan for the acute treatment of migraine.
Neurology.
1997;
49
1219-1225
-
44
Schoenen J, Sawyer J.
Zolmitriptan (Zomig, 311C90), a novel dual central and peripheral 5HT1B/1D agonist: an overview of efficacy.
Cephalalgia.
1997;
17, Suppl 18
28-40
-
45
Geraud G, Olesen J, Pfafenrath V. et al, The Study Group .
Comparison of the efficacy and of zolmitriptan and sumatriptan: issues migraine trial design.
Cephalalgia.
2000;
20
30-38
-
46
The International 311C90 Long-Term Study Group .
The long-term tolerability and efficacy of oral zolmitriptan (Zomig, 311C90) in the acute treatment of migraine. An international study.
Headache.
1998;
38
173-183
-
47
Becker W J, Lee D.
Zolmitriptan nasal spray is effective, fast-acting and well tolerated during both, short- and long-term treatment.
Cephalalgia.
2001;
21
271
-
48
Dowson A J, Boes-Hansen S, Farkkila A M.
Zolmitriptan nasal spray is fast-acting and highly effective in the acute treatment of migraine.
Europ J Neurol.
2000;
7 (Suppl 3)
82
-
49
Sorensen J, Bergstrom M, Antoni A. et al .
Distribution of 11C-zolmitriptan nasal spray assessed by positron emission tomography (PET).
Europ J Neurol.
2000;
7 (Suppl 3)
82
-
50
Edmeads J G, Millson D S.
Tolerability profile of zolmitriptan (Zomig; 311C90), a novel dual central and peripherally acting 5HT1B/1D agonist.
Cephalalgia.
1997;
17
41-52
-
51
Rolan P.
Potential drug interactions with the novel antimigraine compound zolmitriptan (Zomig®, 311C90).
Cephalalgia.
1997;
17 (Suppl 18)
21-27
-
52
Peck R W, Seaber E J, Dixon R M. et al .
The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the 5HT1B/1D-agonist zolmitriptan in healthy young and elderly men and women.
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.
1998;
63
342-353
-
53
Stark S, Spierings E LH, McNeal S. et al .
Naratriptan efficacy in migraineurs who respond poorly to oral sumatriptan.
Headache.
2000;
40
513-520
-
54
Pascual J, Munoz R, Leira R.
An open preference study with sumatriptan 50 mg and zolmitriptan 2.5 mg in 100 migraine patients.
Cephalalgia.
2001;
21
680-684
-
55
Visser W H, Terwindt G M, Reines S A. et al, for the Dutch/U. S. Rizatriptan Study Group .
Rizatriptan vs sumatriptan in the acute treatment of migraine. A placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study.
Arch Neurol.
1997;
53
1132-1137
-
56
Teall J, Tuchmann M, Cutler N. et al, on behalf of the Rizatriptan 022 Study Group .
Rizatriptan (MAXALT) for the acute treatment of migraine and migraine recurrence. A placebo-controlled, outpatient study.
Headache.
1998;
38
281-287
-
57
Tfelt-Hansen P, Teall J, Rodriguez F. et al, on behalf of the Rizatriptan 030 Study Group .
Oral rizatriptan versus oral sumatriptan: a direct comparative study in the acute treatment of migraine.
Headache.
1998;
38
748-755
-
58
Goldstein J, Ryan R, Jiang K. et al, and the Rizatriptan Protocol 046 Study Group .
Crossover comparison of rizatriptan 5 mg and 10 mg versus sumatriptan 25 and 50 mg in migraine.
Headache.
1998;
38
737-747
-
59
Kramer M S, Matzura-Wolfe D. et al, Rizatriptan Multiple Attack Study Group .
A placebo-controlled crossover study of rizatriptan in the treatment of multiple migraine attacks.
Neurology.
1998;
51
773-781
-
60
Pascual J, Vega P, Diener H C. et al, and the Rizatriptan-Zolmitriptan Study Group .
Comparison of rizatriptan 10 mg vs. zolmitriptan 2.5 mg in the acute treatment of migraine.
Cephalalgia.
2000;
20
455-461
-
61
Bomhof M, Paz J, Legg N. et al .
Comparison of rizatriptan 10 mg vs. naratriptan 2.5 mg in migraine.
Eur Neurol.
1999;
42
173-179
-
62
Goadsby P J.
Rizatriptan in acute treatment of migraine: update on new comparative data.
Cephalalgia.
2000;
20 (Suppl 1)
10-15
-
63
Ahrens S P, Farmer M V, Williams D. et al, Rizatriptan Wafer Protocol 049 Study Group .
Efficacy and safety of rizatriptan wafer for the acute treatment of migraine.
Cephalalgia.
1999;
19
525-530
-
64
Adelman J U, Mannix L K, Seggern R L von.
Rizatriptan tablet versus wafer: patient preference.
Headache.
2000;
40
371-372
-
65
Klapper J A, O'Connor S.
Rizatriptan wafer-sublingual vs. placebo at the onset of acute migraine.
Cephalalgia.
2000;
20
585-587
-
66
Goldstein J, Ryan R, Jiang K. et al, the Rizatriptan Protocol 046 Study Group .
Crossover comparison of rizatriptan 5 mg and 10 mg vs sumatriptan 25 mg and 50 mg in migraine.
Headache.
1998;
38
737-747
-
67
Diener H C, McHarg A.
Pharmacology and efficacy of eletriptan for the treatment of migraine attacks.
Int J Clin Pract.
2000;
54
670-674
-
68
Goadsby P J, Ferrari M D, Olesen J. et al, for the Eletriptan Steering Committee .
Eletriptan in acute migraine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison to sumatriptan.
Neurology.
2000;
54
156-163
-
69
Milton K A, Kleinermans D, Scott N, Cooper J DH.
The bioequivalence of standard sumatriptan tablets and two encapsulated forms of sumatriptan.
Int J Pharm Med.
2001;
15
21-26
-
70
Salonen R, Kori S, Scott A, Richardson M S.
Encapsulated sumatriptan is not bioequivalent to commercial sumatriptan.
Headache.
2003;
43
923-924 [comment]; 924 - 928 [author reply]
-
71 Diener H C. Eletriptan - Therapy. In: Diener HC (ed) Drug Treatment of Migraine and other Headaches. Basel; Karger 2000: 184-189
-
72
Garcia-Ramos G ME, Hilliard B. et al .
Comparative efficacy of eletriptan vs. naratriptan in the acute treatment of migraine.
Cephalalgia.
2003;
23
869-876
-
73
Steiner T, Diener H, MacGregor E. et al .
Comparative efficacy of eletriptan and zolmitriptan in the acute treatment of migraine.
Cephalalgia.
2003;
23
942-952
-
74 Goldstein J, Tiseo P, Denaro J, Sikes C. Efficacy of eletriptan in migraine patients reporting unsatisfactory response to rizatriptan. Poster presentation at the 7th biennial European Headache Federation Congress 2004
-
75
Diamond M, Hettiarachchi J, Hilliard B. et al .
Effectiveness of eletriptan in acute migraine: primary care for Excedrin nonresponders.
Headache.
2004;
44
209-216
-
76
Cabarrocas X, Zayas J M. on behalf of the Almotriptan Oral Study Group .
Efficacy data on oral almotriptan, a novel 5-HT1B/D agonist.
Headache.
1998;
38
377
-
77 Pascual J. Therapy with other triptans: almotriptan. In: Diener HC (ed) Drug Treatment of Migraine and other Headaches. Basel; Karger 2000: 197-205
-
78
Pascual J, Falk R M, Piessens F. et al .
Consistent efficacy and tolerability of almotriptan in the acute treatment of multiple migraine attacks: results of a large, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Cephalalgia.
2000;
20
588-596
-
79
Cabarrocas X, Zayas J M, Suris M. et al, on behalf of the Almotriptan Oral Study Group .
Equivalent efficacy of oral almotriptan, a new 5-HT1B/D agonist, compared with sumatriptan 100 mg.
Headache.
1998;
38
377-378
-
80
Spierings E, Gomez-Mancilla B, Grosz D. et al .
Oral almotriptan vs. oral sumatriptan in the abortive treatment of migraine: a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, optimum-dose comparison.
Arch Neurol.
2001;
58
944-950
-
81
Mathew N T. for the Oral Almotriptan Study Group .
A long-term open-label study of oral almotriptan 12.5 mg for the treatment of acute migraine.
Headache.
2002;
42
32-40
-
82
Cabarrocas X, Esbri R, Peris F, Ferrer P.
Long-term efficacy and safety of oral almotriptan: interim analysis of a 1-year open study.
Headache.
2001;
41
57-62
-
83
Brown A M, Ho M, Thomas D R, Parson A A.
Comparison of functional effects of frovatriptan, sumatriptan and naratriptan on human recombinant 5-HT1 and 5-HT7 receptors.
Headache.
1998;
38
376
-
84
Goldstein J, Elkind A, Keywood C. et al .
A low dose range-finding study of frovatriptan: a potent selective 5-HT1B/D agonist for the acute treatment of migraine.
Headache.
1998;
38
382-383
-
85
Goldstein J, Keywood C. and the 251/96/14 Study Group .
Frovatriptan for the acute treatment of migraine: a dose-finding study.
Headache.
2002;
42
41-48
-
86
Ferrari M D.
How to assess and compare drugs in the management of migraine: success rates in terms of response and recurrence.
Cephalalgia.
1999;
19 (Suppl 23)
2-8
-
87
Ferrari M D, Roon K I, Lipton R B, Goadsby P J.
Oral triptans (serotonin 5-HT1B/1D agonists) in acute migraine treatment: a meta-analysis of 53 trials.
Lancet.
2001;
358
1668-1675
-
88
Stark S, Spierings E LH, McNiel S. et al .
Naratriptan efficacy in migraineurs who respond poorly to oral sumatriptan.
Headache.
2000;
40
513-520
-
89
Visser W H, Jaspers N, Vriend R HM de, Ferrari M D.
Risk factors for headache recurrence after sumatriptan: a study in 366 migraine patients.
Cephalalgia.
1996;
16
264-269
-
90
McDavis H L, Hutchison J. Frovatriptan Phase III Investigators .
Frovatriptan - a review of overall clinical efficacy.
Cephalalgia.
1999;
19
363-364
-
91
The Oral Sumatriptan and Aspirin plus Metoclopramide Comparative Study Group .
A study to compare oral sumatriptan with oral aspirin plus oral metoclopramide in the acute treatment of migraine.
Eur Neurol.
1992;
32
177-184
-
92
Tfelt-Hansen P, Henry P, Mulder L J. et al .
The effectiveness of combined oral lysine acetylsalicylate and metoclopramide compared with oral sumatriptan for migraine.
Lancet.
1995;
346
923-926
-
93
Geraud G, Compagnon A, Rossi A. The COZAM Study Group .
Zolmitriptan versus a combination of acetylsalicylic acid and metoclopramide in the acute oral treatment of migraine: a double-blind, randomised, three-attack study.
Eur Neurol.
2002;
47
88-98
-
94
Dib M, Massiou H, Weber M. et al, Bi-Profenid Migraine Study Group .
Efficacy of oral ketoprofen in acute migraine: a double-blind randomized clinical trial.
Neurology.
2002;
58
1660-1665
-
95
Diener H C, Eikermann A, Gessner U. et al .
Efficacy of 1000 mg effervescent acetylsalicylic acid and sumatriptan in treating associated migraine symptoms.
Eur Neurol.
2004;
52
50-56
-
96
Diener H C, Bussone G, deLiano H. et al, The EMSASI Study Group .
Placebo-controlled comparison of effervescent acetylsalicylic acid, sumatriptan and ibuprofen in the treatment of migraine attacks.
Cephalalgia.
2004;
24
947-954
-
97
Ryan R E, Diamond S, Giammarco R AM.
Efficacy of zolmitriptan at early time points for acute treatment of migraine and treatment of recurrence.
CNS Drugs.
2000;
13
215-226
-
98
Pascual J, Cabarrocas X.
Within-patient early versus delayed treatment of migraine attacks with almotriptan: the sooner the better.
Headache.
2002;
42
28-31
-
99
Cady R K, Sheftell F, Lipton R B. et al .
Effect of early intervention with sumatriptan on migraine pain: retrospective analyses of data from three clinical trials.
Clinical Therapeutics.
2000;
22
1035-1048
-
100
Mathew N.
Early intervention with almotriptan improves sustained pain-free response in acute migraine.
Headache.
2003;
43
1075-1079
-
101
Burstein R, Yarnitsky D, Goor-Aryeh I. et al .
An association between migraine and cutaneous allodynia.
Ann Neurol.
2000;
47
614-624
-
102
Burstein R, Collins B, Jakubowski M.
Defeating migraine pain with triptans: a race against development of cutaneous allodynia.
Ann Neurol.
2004;
55
19-26
-
103
Krymchantowski A V, Adriano M, Fernandes D.
Tolfenamic acid decreases migraine recurrence when used with sumatriptan.
Cephalalgia.
1999;
19
186-187
-
104
Bates D, Ashford E, Dawson R. et al .
Subcutaneous sumatriptan during the migraine aura.
Neurology.
1994;
44
1587-1592
-
105
Olesen J, Diener H C, Schoenen J, Hettiarachchi J.
No effect of eletriptan administration during the aura phase of migraine.
Europ J Neurol.
2004;
11
671-677
-
106
Diener H C. for the ASASUMAMIG Study Group .
Efficacy and safety of intravenous acetylsalicylic acid lysinate compared to subcutaneous sumatriptan and parenteral placebo in the acute treatment of migraine. A double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, multicenter, parallel group study.
Cephalalgia.
1999;
19
581-588
-
107
The Subcutaneous Sumatriptan International Study Group .
Treatment of migraine attacks with sumatriptan.
N Engl J Med.
1991;
325
316-321
-
108
Silberstein S, Douglas C, McCrory D.
Ergotamine and dihydroergotamine: history, pharmacology, and efficacy.
Headache.
2003;
43
144-166
-
109
Bigal M E, Bordini C A, Tepper S J, Speciali J G.
Intravenous dipyrone in the acute treatment of migraine without aura and migraine with aura: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study.
Headache.
2002;
42
862-871
-
110
Leniger T, Pageler L, Stude P. et al .
Comparison of intravenous valproate with intravenous lysoine-acetylsalicylic acid in acute migraine.
Headache.
2005;
45
42-46
-
111 Diener H C, Tfelt-Hansen P. Headache associated with chronic use of substances. In: Olesen J, Tfelt-Hansen P, Welch KMA (eds) The Headaches. New York; Raven Press 1993: 721-727
-
112
Kaube H, May A, Diener H C, Pfaffenrath V.
Sumatriptan misuse in daily chronic headache.
BMJ.
1994;
308
1573
-
113
Gaist D, Tsiropoulus I, Sindrup S H, Hallas J. et al .
Inappropriate use of sumatriptan: population based register and interview study.
BMJ.
1998;
316
1352-1353
-
114
Gaist D.
Use and overuse of sumatriptan. Pharmaco-epidemiological studies based on prescription register and interview data.
Cephalalgia.
1999;
19
735-761
-
115
Limmroth V, Katsarava Z, Fritsche G. et al .
Features of medication overuse headache following overuse of different acute headache drugs.
Neurology.
2002;
59
1011-1014
-
116
Limmroth V, Kazarawa S, Fritsche G, Diener H C.
Headache after frequent use of new 5-HT agonists zolmitriptan and naratriptan.
Lancet.
1999;
353
378
-
117
Maassen van den Brink A, Reekers M, Bax W A. et al .
Coronary side-effect potential of current and prospective antimigraine drugs.
Circulation.
1998;
98
25-30
-
118
Maassen van den Brink A, Broek R WM vd, Vries R d. et al .
Craniovascular selectivity of eletriptan and sumatriptan in human isolated blood vessels.
Neurology.
2000;
55
1524-1530
-
119
Welch K MA, Mathew N T, Stone P. et al .
Tolerability of sumatriptan: clinical trials and post-marketing experience.
Cephalalgia.
2000;
20
687-695
-
120
Lewis P J, Barrington S F, Marsden P K. et al .
A study of the effects of sumatriptan on myocardial perfusion in healthy male migraineurs using 13NH3 positron emission tomography.
Cephalalgia.
1997;
48
1542-1550
-
121
Gnecchi-Ruscone T, Bernard X, Pierre P. et al .
Effect of naratriptan on myocardial blood flow and coronary vasodilator reserve in migraineurs.
Neurology.
2000;
55
95-99
-
122
Hall G, Brown M, Mo J, MacRae K.
Triptans in migraine: the risks of stroke, cardiovascular disease, and death in practice.
Neurology.
2004;
62
563-568
-
123
Velentgas P, Cole J A, Mo J. et al .
Severe vascular events in migraine patients.
Headache.
2004;
44
642-651
-
124
Shuhaiber S, Pastuszak A, Schick B. et al .
Pregnancy outcome following first trimester exposure to sumatriptan.
Neurology.
1998;
51
581-583
-
125
Källen B, Lygner P E.
Delivery outcome in women who used drugs for migraine during pregnancy with special reference to sumatriptan.
Headache.
2001;
41
351-356
-
126
Fox A W, Chambers C D, Anderson P O. et al .
Evidence-based assessment of pregnancy outcome after sumatriptan exposure.
Headache.
2002;
42
8-15
-
127
Olesen C, Steffensen F H, Sorensen H T. et al .
Pregnancy outcome following prescription for sumatriptan.
Headache.
2000;
40
20-24
-
128
O'Quinn S, Ephross S A, Williams V. et al .
Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in migraineurs using sumatriptan: a prospective study.
Arch Gynecol Obstet.
1999;
263
7-12
Prof. Dr. med. Hans-Christoph Diener
Universitätsklinik für Neurologie
Hufelandstraße 55
45147 Essen
Email: h.diener@uni-essen.de
