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DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-915347
Prävention von tiefen Beinvenenthrombosen nach akutem Schlaganfall
Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients with Acute StrokePublication History
Publication Date:
19 December 2005 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Tiefe Beinvenenthrombosen mit dem Risiko einer nachfolgenden Lungenembolie sind häufige Komplikationen nach Schlaganfall und Immobilisierung, verlaufen aber klinisch oft inapparent. Eine effektive medikamentöse Prophylaxe konnte durch Gabe von Heparin nachgewiesen werden. Hierunter kommt es jedoch zu einem dosisabhängigen Anstieg von Blutungskomplikationen, insbesondere von intrakraniellen Blutungen. Nichtfraktionierte und niedermolekulare Heparine sollten daher bei immobilisierten Schlaganfallpatienten in dieser speziellen Indikation nur in niedriger Dosierung zur Anwendung kommen. Bei gleicher oder sogar besserer Wirksamkeit bieten sich niedermolekulare Heparine auch aufgrund der einfachen Anwendung trotz höherer Kosten an. Azetylsalizylsäure alleine stellt dagegen keine ausreichende Prophylaxe dar.
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis with its sequelae pulmonary embolism is a common, although often undetected complication following stroke with prolonged bed rest. Heparin has been proven to be effective in preventing venous thromboembolism but increases the rate of major bleeding complications, in particular intracerebral haemorrhages. Therefore, only low doses of unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparin should be given to immobilized stroke patients. Given similar or even superior efficacy, low-molecular-weight heparins have a more convenient application but also a higher cost than other preventive strategies. In contrast, aspirin is not a sufficient prophylaxis.
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Prof. Dr. Hans-Christoph Diener
Klinik für Neurologie · Universitätsklinikum Essen
Hufelandstraße 55
45122 Essen
Email: h.diener@uni-essen.de