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DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-919170
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Postpsychotische Depression
Postpsychotic DepressionPublication History
Publication Date:
06 October 2005 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Postpsychotische Depressionen bei schizophrenen Patienten treten in ca. 60 % aller Fälle auf. Jedoch ist die Konzeptualisierung der postpsychotischen Depression als eine allein unmittelbar nach einer psychotischen Exazerbation in der Phase der Remission auftretende depressive Episode vor dem Hintergrund der Unterschiede von ICD-10 und DSM-IV sowie der klinischen Erfahrungen im Langzeitverlauf der chronisch verlaufenden Schizophrenien eher als fraglich anzusehen. Es wird daher vom Autor vorgeschlagen, neben einer rein „postpsychotischen Depression” auch eine „Depression im Intervall” klassifikatorisch vorzusehen, wobei die Abgrenzung von der schizophrenen Negativsymptomatik bei letzterer als besonders schwierig angesehen werden muss. Neben interessanten neueren Ansätzen der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie ist bei der Pharmakotherapie davon auszugehen, dass zur Behandlung der postpsychotischen Depression Antidepressiva sich als wenig hilfreich erwiesen haben. Besser wird die neuroleptische Medikation mit dem Wechsel auf ein atypisches Neuroleptikum optimiert. Atypika besitzen aufgrund ihrer anderen pharmakologischen Wirkmechanismen auch direkte antidepressive Eigenschaften. Bei der Depression im Intervall ist der Einsatz von Antidepressiva eher zu erwägen, wobei hier je nach Ausmaß der noch vorhandenen psychotischen Symptomatik neuere dual wirksame Antidepressiva oder SSRIs zu wählen wären.
Summary
Postpsychotic depression in schizophrenic patients affects roughly 60 % of the patients. Against the background of the differences between ICD-10 and DSM-IV, and the clinical experience gained with the long-term course of chronic schizophrenia, however, the conceptualisation of postpsychotic depression as a depressive episode occurring solely immediately following a psychotic exacerbation in the remission phase, must be considered highly questionable. It is therefore proposed that, in addition to a purely postpsychotic depression in the sense of the word, a classification of depression in the interval should also be established, it being acknowledged, however, that in the latter, discrimination from the negative symptom syndrome of schizophrenia is particularly difficult. Apart from interesting new approaches in the area of cognitive behavioural therapy, pharmacotherapy employing antidepressants to treat postpsychotic depression has proved unhelpful. Instead, neuroleptic medication should be optimised by changing over to atypical neuroleptics which, on the basis of their other pharmacological mechanisms of action, also possess direct antidepressive properties. In the case of depression in an illness-free interval, the use of antidepressants can be more readily considered with either mirtazapine (e.g. Venlafaxine) or an SSRI being given preference, depending upon the severity of the persisting psychotic symptoms.
Key words
postpsychotic depression - schizophrenia - psychosis
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Korrespondenzadresse:
PD Dr. med. Georg Juckel
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité, Campus Mitte
Schumannstr. 20/21
10117 Berlin
Email: georg.juckel@charite.de