Hyperexzitabilitätssyndrome peripherer Nerven: Varianten, Differenzialdiagnosen und Therapie anhand eines Fallbeispieles
Peripheral Nerve Hyperexcitability Syndromes: Variants, Differential Diagnosis and Therapy, Based on a Clinical ExampleH.-J. Gdynia1
, P. Kühnlein1
, A. C. Ludolph1
, A.-D. Sperfeld1
Hyperexzitabilitätssyndrome peripherer Nerven sind eine heterogene Gruppe von Erkrankungen, die durch kontinuierliche, spontan auftretende Muskelfaseraktivität, sichtbare Myokymien und Muskelkrämpfe gekennzeichnet sind. Zu diesen Syndromen zählen die Neuromyotonie, deren autoimmun bedingte Form als Isaac-Syndrom bezeichnet wird, sowie das durch zusätzliche zentralnervöse Auffälligkeiten charakterisierte Morvan-Syndrom. Diese Krankheitsbilder sind durch spontan auftretende, generalisierte Übererregbarkeit peripherer Nerven charakterisiert und oftmals durch Autoantikörper gegen spannungsabhängige Kaliumkanäle bedingt. Assoziationen zu anderen autoimmunbedingten Erkrankungen, wie zum Beispiel der Myasthenia gravis, sind bekannt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden anhand einer Fallvorstellung das klinische Erscheinungsbild, Differenzialdiagnosen und therapeutische Strategien von Hyperexzitabilitätssyndromen peripherer Nerven diskutiert.
Abstract
Peripheral nerve hyperexcitability syndromes are rare diseases characterized by spontaneous, generalized muscle fibre activity, visible myokymia and muscular cramps. In many cases these syndromes are acquired immune-mediated disorders (Isaacs' syndrome) showing elevated antibody levels against presynaptic voltage-gated potassium channels. Morvan's syndrome is characterized by additionally symptoms of central nervous system similar to those from limbic encephalitis. Associations to other autoimmune disorders, like myasthenia gravis, are well known. Here we discuss the clinical features, differential diagnosis and therapeutically strategies of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability syndromes by a clinical example.
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