Zusammenfassung
Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Untersuchung histologischer Veränderungen im Bereich der parodontalen Strukturen bei Hunden der Rasse Beagle, bei denen Zähne experimentell mit starken und mit schwachen kieferorthopädischen Kräften bewegt wurden. Mit Hilfe einer am zweiten Prämolar und am ersten Molar befestigten kieferorthopädischen Apparatur wurden im Unterkiefer kontinuierliche reziproke Kräfte von 25 cN in einer und 300 cN in der anderen Kieferhälfte ausgeübt. Die Bewegung der Zähne wurde wöchentlich gemessen. Nach jeweils einem, vier, 20, 40 und 80 Tagen wurden Versuchstiere für die histologische Untersuchung getötet. Zur Untersuchung des Gewebes wurden die Schnitte mit Hämatoxylin-Eosin eingefärbt, aktive Osteoblasten wurden mit alkalischer Phosphatase und Osteoklasten mit tartratstabiler saurer Phosphatase markiert. Die Umbauvorgänge im Knochen auf der Druck- und der Zugseite der Zahnwurzeln hatten nach 24 Stunden bereits eingesetzt und in einigen Schnitten fanden sich schon hyalinisierte Areale. Im Unterschied zu bisherigen Studien ließen sich sowohl bei Prämolaren, als auch bei Molaren Hyalinisierungen über den gesamten Versuchszeitraum hinweg nachweisen. Bei einigen Zähnen fanden sich hauptsächlich lingual und bukkal neben der mesiodistalen Mittellinie im parodontalen Faserapparat nur kleine hyalinisierte Bereiche, bei anderen Zähnen wiederum ausgedehntes nekrotisches Gewebe. Die Studie kommt zu dem Schluss, dass Hyalinisierungen zwar die Zahnbewegung einschränken, allerdings existiert hier kein Zusammenhang mit der Stärke der ausgeübten Kräfte.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate histological changes in the periodontal structures of beagle dogs after using high and low continuous forces during experimental tooth movement. An orthodontic appliance was placed on the second premolar and the first molar by exerting a continuous and constant reciprocal force of 25 cN on one side and 300 cN on the other side of the mandible. Tooth movement was recorded weekly. Dogs were sacrificed after one, four, 20, 40, and 80 days for histological evaluation. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used for tissue survey, staining for alkaline phosphatase as a marker was used for active osteoblasts, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining was used for osteoclasts. After 24 hours, the remodeling process had already started at the pressure and tension side, and in some samples hyalinization was found. In contrast to earlier studies, hyalinization was found throughout the entire experimental period, both in molars and in premolars. In the periodontal ligament of some teeth, small patches of hyalinization were found at the pressure side, mostly located buccally or lingually of the mesiodistal plane, whereas others showed large areas of necrotic tissue. It is concluded that hyalinization limits tooth movement, but there is no relationship with the force level.
Schlüsselwörter
Desmodont - Kraftstärke - Histologie und Kieferorthopädie - Zahnbewegung
Key words
periodontal ligament - force magnitude - histology and orthodontics - tooth movement
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1 Der englischsprachige Originalartikel ist erschienen im Angle Orthodontist 2004; 74: 16-25.
Prof. Dr. A. M. Kuijpers-Jagtman
Department of Orthodontics and Oral Biology · College of Dental Science · University Medical Center · Nijmegen
117 Tandheelkunde
P.O. Box 91 01
NL-6500 HB Nijmegen
Email: a.kuijpers-jagtman@dent.umcn.nl