Medizinisch ungeklärte Symptome am Beispiel des chronischen Schmerzes

Zusammenfassung

Der Umgang mit medizinisch ungeklärten Symptomen gehört zum Alltag der ärztlichen Tätigkeit. Besonders schwierig sind chronische Schmerzen einzuordnen und zu behandeln, die in der Diagnostik keine ausreichende Erklärung für die Ursache der Schmerzen bieten. Diese Übersicht fasst die aktuelle Literatur zur Entstehung medizinisch ungeklärte Symptome mit Schmerzen, der Aufrechterhaltung der Beschwerden und der möglichen Behandlungsoptionen zusammen. Der Umgang mit dem Schmerz, das Katastrophisieren, Coping oder die Möglichkeit der Akzeptanz beeinflussen ganz wesentlich die Arbeitsfähigkeit und Alltagstauglichkeit der Patienten. Das Gelingen ihres Lebens beruht nicht nur auf den körperlichen Aspekten des Schmerzes. Der Einfluss auf die soziale Rolle, die Wahrnehmung und Wertschätzung des Selbst ist von höchster Bedeutung und bietet Ansätze zur Therapie.

Abstract

It is part of daily medical practice to encounter unsolved medical symptoms. It is particularly difficult to deal with and treat chronic pain when there is no sufficient explanation for its cause. This overview summarises the current knowledge about the origin of medically unexplained symptoms with pain, chronic complaints and the possible options for treatment. The ability to work and cope on a daily basis is significantly influenced by the patient's way of dealing with pain (catastrophising, coping or accepting). Living with chronic pain touches not only on the physical aspects, but influences significantly the social role, the perception and value of self, which has to be considered with regard to possible therapeutic solutions.

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