Komplikationen und Spätfolgen nach Rückenmarktrauma

Lernziele

Lernziel 1: Die autonome Dysreflexie (AD) ist ein Syndrom mit möglichen lebensbedrohlichen Komplikationen, die bei Rückenmarkläsionen oberhalb von Th6 auftritt. Lernziel 2: Die autonome Dysreflexie kann, wenn nicht früh genug erkannt und behandelt, zu schwerwiegenden Komplikationen wie Blutdruckkrisen und Vasospasmen führen. Lernziel 3: Häufige Ursachen einer autonomen Dysreflexie sind Komplikationen im abdominalen Bereich wie Blaseninfektionen, verstopfte Blasenkatheter oder Hautreize durch Entzündungen oder Verbrennungen sowie Reize durch diagnostische Eingriffe. Lernziel 4: Bei rückenmarksverletzten Patienten sollte bei Veränderungen des neurologischen Status mittels Magnetresonanztomographie des Myelons eine posttraumatische Syringomyelie ausgeschlossen werden. Lernziel 5: Bei lokaler Temperaturerhöhung mit Rötung, Ödem und Bewegungseinschränkung eines Gelenkes sollte bei querschnittgelähmten Patienten an eine neurogen bedingte heterotope Ossifikation gedacht werden.

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