Expression of Modes of Photosynthesis (C₃, CAM) in Clusia criuva Camb. in a Cerrado/Gallery Forest Transect

Abstract

The large majority of the ca. 150 species of the neotropical shrub and tree genus Clusia have the potential to perform Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). They are either obligate CAM plants or C₃/CAM intermediate plants. Only a very small percentage of the plants studied so far are apparently obligate C₃ species. Among these was C. criuva, until recent laboratory studies showed that it may also have a certain CAM capacity under artificial stress conditions. Measurements of stomatal conductance (porometry) and chlorophyll fluorescence variables of C. criuva occurring along a transect from deep shade inside a gallery forest across the semi-shaded ecotone towards a cerrado and into the exposed cerrado itself in central Brazil now show that it can adapt its photosynthetic apparatus to effective performance of C₃ photosynthesis under highly different photosynthetic photon flux densities. In addition, however, it does have a certain potential for CAM and cannot be considered as a strictly obligate C₃ plant. Should a basic capacity for performing CAM be a general property of the genus, the quest for CAM traits in other remaining putatively obligate C₃ species of the genus ought to be pursued.

Key words

Carbon isotope discrimination - cerrado - chlorophyll fluorescence - Clusia criuva - crassulacean acid metabolism - gallery forest - stomatal conductance