Literatur
-
1
Rieckmann P.
Escalating immunomodulatory therapy of multiple sclerosis: Update (September 2006).
Nervenarzt.
2006;
77
1506-1518
-
2
Noseworthy J H.
Management of multiple sclerosis: current trials and future options.
Curr Opin Neurol.
2003;
16
289-297
-
3
Kieseier B C, Hartung H P.
Current disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis.
Semin Neurol.
2003;
23
133-146
-
4
Gold R, Hartung H P, Hohlfeld R.
Monoclonal antibodies improve therapy of relapsing multiple sclerosis. Molecular basis and clinical results of anti-VLA4 (natalizumab) therapy.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr.
2006;
131
31-34
-
5
Sheremata W A, Minagar A, Alexander J S, Vollmer T.
The role of alpha-4 integrin in the aetiology of multiple sclerosis: current knowledge and therapeutic implications.
CNS Drugs.
2005;
19
909-922
-
6
Baron J L, Madri J A, Ruddle N H. et al .
Surface expression of alpha 4 integrin by CD4 T cells is required for their entry into brain parenchyma.
J Exp Med.
1993;
177
57-68
-
7
Selmaj K, Walczak A, Mycko M. et al .
Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with a TNF binding protein (TNFbp) correlates with down-regulation of VCAM-1/VLA-4.
Eur J Immunol.
1998;
28
2035-2044
-
8
Rice G P, Hartung H P, Calabresi P A.
Anti-alpha4 integrin therapy for multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and rationale.
Neurology.
2005;
64
1336-1342
-
9
Andrian U H von, Engelhardt B.
Alpha4 integrins as therapeutic targets in autoimmune disease.
N Engl J Med.
2003;
348
68-72
-
10
Yednock T A, Cannon C, Fritz L C. et al .
Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by antibodies against alpha 4 beta 1 integrin.
Nature.
1992;
356
63-66
-
11
Vajkoczy P, Laschinger M, Engelhardt B.
Alpha4-integrin-VCAM-1 binding mediates G protein-independent capture of encephalitogenic T cell blasts to CNS white matter microvessels.
J Clin Invest.
2001;
108
557-565
-
12
Enders U, Lobb R, Pepinsky R B. et al .
The role of the very late antigen-4 and its counterligand vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune neuritis of the Lewis rat.
Brain.
1998;
121
1257-1266
-
13
Theien B E, Vanderlugt C L, Eagar T N. et al .
Discordant effects of anti-VLA-4 treatment before and after onset of relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
J Clin Invest.
2001;
107
995-1006
-
14
Leone D R, Giza K, Gill A. et al .
An assessment of the mechanistic differences between two integrin alpha 4 beta 1 inhibitors, the monoclonal antibody TA-2 and the small molecule BIO5192, in rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther.
2003;
305
1150-1162
-
15
Tubridy N, Behan P O, Capildeo R. et al .
The effect of anti-alpha4 integrin antibody on brain lesion activity in MS. The UK Antegren Study Group.
Neurology.
1999;
53
466-472
-
16
Miller D H, Soon D, Fernando K T. et al .
MRI outcomes in a placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab in relapsing MS.
Neurology.
2007;
68
1390-1401
-
17
Kumpfel T, Heydari N, Hohlfeld R.
Antegren (natalizumab). A promising new approach to therapy of multiple sclerosis.
Nervenarzt.
2002;
73
552-555
-
18
Polman C H, O'Connor P W, Havrdova E. et al .
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis.
N Engl J Med.
2006;
354
899-910
-
19
Rudick R A, Stuart W H, Calabresi P A. et al .
Natalizumab plus interferon beta-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis.
N Engl J Med.
2006;
354
911-923
-
20
O'Connor P W, Goodman A, Willmer-Hulme A J. et al .
Randomized multicenter trial of natalizumab in acute MS relapses: clinical and MRI effects.
Neurology.
2004;
62
2038-2043
-
21
Phillips J T, O'Connor P W, Havrdova E. et al .
Infusion-related hypersensitivity reactions during natalizumab treatment.
Neurology.
2006;
67
1717-1718
-
22
Krumbholz M, Pellkofer H, Gold R. et al .
Delayed allergic reaction to natalizumab associated with early formation of neutralizing antibodies.
Arch Neurol.
2007;
64
1331-1333
-
23
Hellwig K, Schimrigk S, Fischer M. et al .
Allergic and non-allergic delayed infusion reactions during natalizumab therapy.
Arch Neurol.
2007, in press;
-
24
Berger J R, Koralnik I J.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and natalizumab - unforeseen consequences.
N Engl J Med.
2005;
353
414-416
-
25
Ransohoff R M.
Natalizumab and PML.
Nat Neurosci.
2005;
8
1275
-
26
Kleinschmidt-DeMasters B K, Tyler K L.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy complicating treatment with natalizumab and interferon beta-1a for multiple sclerosis.
N Engl J Med.
2005;
353
369-374
-
27
Langer-Gould A, Atlas S W, Green A J. et al .
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient treated with natalizumab.
N Engl J Med.
2005;
353
375-381
-
28
Van A G, Van R M, Sciot R. et al .
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after natalizumab therapy for Crohn's disease.
N Engl J Med.
2005;
353
362-368
-
29
Bartt R E.
Multiple sclerosis, natalizumab therapy, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
Curr Opin Neurol.
2006;
19
341-349
-
30
Stuve O, Marra C M, Jerome K R. et al .
Immune surveillance in multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab.
Ann Neurol.
2006;
59
743-747
-
31
Stuve O, Marra C M, Bar-Or A. et al .
Altered CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratios in cerebrospinal fluid of natalizumab-treated patients with multiple sclerosis.
Arch Neurol.
2006;
63
1383-1387
-
32
Yousry T A, Major E O, Ryschkewitsch C. et al .
Evaluation of patients treated with natalizumab for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
N Engl J Med.
2006;
354
924-933
-
33
Khalili K, White M K, Lublin F. et al .
Reactivation of JC virus and development of PML in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Neurology.
2007;
68
985-990
-
34
Sheridan C.
Tysabri back on market.
Nat Biotechnol.
2006;
24
874
-
35
Stangel M.
Does natalizumab have a role in the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis?.
Nat Clin Pract Neurol.
2006;
2
476-477
-
36
Kappos L, Bates D, Hartung H P. et al .
Natalizumab treatment for multiple sclerosis: recommendations for patient selection and monitoring.
Lancet Neurol.
2007;
6
431-441
-
37
Stuve O, Marra C M, Cravens P D. et al .
Potential risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with natalizumab therapy: possible interventions.
Arch Neurol.
2007;
64
169-176
-
38
Ransohoff R M.
Natalizumab for multiple sclerosis.
N Engl J Med.
2007;
356
2622-2629
-
39
Gold R, Jawad A, Miller D H. et al .
Expert opinion: Guidelines for the use of natalizumab in multiple sclerosis patients previously treated with immunomodulating therapies.
J Neuroimmunol.
2007;
187
156-158
-
40
Kappos L, Patzold U, Dommasch D. et al .
Cyclosporine versus azathioprine in the long-term treatment of multiple sclerosis - results of the German multicenter study.
Ann Neurol.
1988;
23
56-63
-
41
Hartung H P, Gonsette R, Konig N. et al .
Mitoxantrone in progressive multiple sclerosis: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised, multicentre trial.
Lancet.
2002;
360
2018-2025
-
42
Carmona L, Gomez-Reino J J, Rodriguez-Valverde V. et al .
Effectiveness of recommendations to prevent reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection in patients treated with tumor necrosis factor antagonists.
Arthritis Rheum.
2005;
52
1766-1772
-
43
Keane J, Gershon S, Wise R P. et al .
Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor alpha-neutralizing agent.
N Engl J Med.
2001;
345
1098-1104
-
44
Koralnik I J.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy revisited: Has the disease outgrown its name?.
Ann Neurol.
2006;
60
162-173
-
45
Gold R, Linker R.
A comprehensive risk management plan when administering natalizumab.
Europ J Hosp Pharm.
2007;
13
S12-S14
-
46
Goodin D.
The return of natalizumab: weighing benefit against risk.
Lancet Neurol.
2006;
5
375-377
Dr. Ralf Linker
Oberarzt der Neurologischen Klinik, St. Josef-Hospital, Klinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Gudrunstr. 56
44791 Bochum
Email: ralf.linker@rub.de
