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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-986218
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Natalizumab in der Therapie der multiplen Sklerose
Natalizumab as New Therapeutic Option for Multiple SclerosisPublication History
Publication Date:
28 February 2008 (online)

Weiterbildungsziele
Mit der Zulassung von Natalizumab als spezifischem Antikörper gegen das very late antigen (VLA)-4 hat die zweite Generation moderner Immuntherapeutika ihren Weg in die Therapie der multiplen Sklerose gefunden. Das aus der experimentellen Forschung erarbeitete pathogenetische Prinzip der Hemmung der Leukozytenextravasation zur Entzündungsbegrenzung im zentralen Nervensystem (ZNS) wurde erfolgreich in die Therapie der MS übertragen. Die vorliegenden Daten der Zulassungsstudien von über 2000 Studienpatienten-Jahren zeigen eine eindrückliche therapeutische Effektivität auf die Progression der Behinderung, aber auch auf Schubreduktion und MRT-Aktivität. Insgesamt kann eine sehr gute Praktikabilität der einmal monatlichen Kurzinfusion bei nur geringen Kurzzeitnebenwirkungen festgestellt werden, wobei das Risiko einer allergischen Reaktion und die eventuelle Bildung neutralisierender Antikörper zu beachten sind. Die unter Natalizumab in Kombination mit anderen Immuntherapeutika berichteten insgesamt drei Fälle einer progressiven multifokalen Leukenzephalopathie zeigen aber, dass trotz bester Vorsichtsmaßnahmen neue, hochwirksame Medikamente in der Initialphase immer einer sorgfältigen Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung unterzogen werden müssen.
Nach sorgfältiger Prüfung durch die europäische Arzneimittelagentur wurde Natalizumab aufgrund des überlegenen Wirkprofiles trotz der begleitenden Risiken zur Therapie rasch progredienter MS-Verläufe ohne Vorbehandlung sowie von Patienten mit persistierender Erkrankungsaktivität unter bereits bestehender Interferon(IFN)-Therapie zugelassen. Begleitende Empfehlungen zur Umsetzung der praktischen Therapie sowie Pharmakovigilanzprogramme sollen die Anwendung des Medikamentes vereinfachen und die bestehenden Behandlungsrisiken minimieren.
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Dr. Ralf Linker
Oberarzt der Neurologischen Klinik, St. Josef-Hospital, Klinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Gudrunstr. 56
44791 Bochum
Email: ralf.linker@rub.de