Analytik von oxidativem Stress - was ist gesichert?

Zusammenfassung

Durch oxidativen Stress induzierte Schäden können durch spezifische Biomarker quantifiziert werden, die zur Aufklärung der Bedeutung von oxidativen Stressvorgängen in der Ätiologie von Krankheiten beitragen könnten. Ein großes Problem ist dabei allerdings die Vielzahl der Methoden, mit denen sowohl oxidative Schäden als auch Veränderungen in der Antioxidanzienabwehr erfasst werden können. Viele Erkrankungen wie z. B. Arteriosklerose, Krebs, Morbus Alzheimer, Morbus Parkinson, altersabhängige Makuladegeneration und Strahlenschäden werden mit oxidativem Stress und den damit verbundenen zellulären Schäden in Verbindung gebracht. Dabei ist oxidativer Stress oft nicht auslösendes Ereignis, sondern eher begleitender pathophysiologischer Faktor. Die verschiedenen Methoden zur Charakterisierung von oxidativem Stress zeichnen sich durch große Unterschiede in der Spezifität, Genauigkeit, Reproduzierbarkeit als auch Machbarkeit unter In-vivo-Bedingungen aus. Hinzu kommen große individuelle Schwankungen in der basalen oxidativen Schädigung als auch in der antioxidativen Abwehr, wodurch bis heute eine einheitliche Etablierung von Referenzwerten nicht möglich ist. In diesem Übersichtsartikel sollen die Möglichkeiten der Erfassung von oxidativem Stress hinsichtlich der zur Verfügung stehenden Methoden und deren Vor- und Nachteile beleuchtet werden. Die Biomarker für oxidativen Stress werden dabei unter dem Aspekt der Eignung als klinische Biomarker diskutiert.

Abstract

Oxidative stress induced damage can by quantified by specific biomarkers which might contribute to the clarification of the impact of oxidative stress reactions in the etiology of diseases. A major problem hereby results from the multitude of methods measuring oxidative damage and changes in antioxidative defence. Many diseases like arteriosclerosis, cancer, Morbus Alzheimer, Morbus Parkinson, age-related macular degeneration and radiation damage are associated with oxidative stress and related cellular damage. Thereby, oxidative stress is not the causing event but rather an accompanying pathophysiological factor. Many methods for the determination of oxidative stress are characterized by major differences in specifity, accuracy, reproducibility, as well as feasibility under in vivo conditions. Additionally, there is a great individual variation in basal oxidative damage as well as antioxidative defence, making the establishment of reference values impossible. This review article focuses on possibilities of assessing oxidative stress with regard to available methods, their advantages, and disadvantages. Especially the reliability of biomarkers of oxidative stress in clinical settings is discussed.

Schlüsselwörter

oxidativer Stress - Biomarker - Antioxidanzien - klinische Relevanz - Referenzwerte

Key words

oxidative stress - biomarkers - antioxidants - clinical relevance - reference values

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