Download PDF
Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2013; 26(03): 208-217
DOI: 10.3415/VCOT-12-04-0051
Original Research
Schattauer GmbH

Effect of tibial insertion site for lateral suture stabilization on the kinematics of the cranial cruciate ligament deficient-stifle during early, middle and late stance

An in vitro study
K. S. Aulakh
1   Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
,
T. A. Harper
1   Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
,
O. I. Lanz
1   Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
,
L. L. D'Amico
1   Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
,
J. R. Butler
2   Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
,
R. M. McLaughlin
2   Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
,
S. R. Werre
3   Department of Biomedical Sciences Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Received 07 April 2012

Accepted 28 March 2012

Publication Date:
19 December 2017 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Summary

Objective: To evaluate the effect of two tibial attachment sites for lateral suture stabilization (LSS) on the three-dimensional femorotibial translational and rotational movements of the cranial cruciate ligament-deficient canine stifle during the early, middle and late stance phases.

Study design: In vitro biomechanical study: 32 hindlimbs from 16 canine cadavers.

Methods: Limbs were mounted in a testing jig and an electromagnetic tracking system was used to determine the three-dimensional femorotibial translational and rotational movements under 33% of body weight load during early, middle and late stance in the following sequence: cranial cruciate ligament-intact, cranial cruciate ligament-deficient and LSS with the distal anchor through the tibial tuberosity (LSSTT) or through the cranial eminence of the extensor groove (LSSEG). The proximal anchor point was the lateral femorofabellar ligament.

Results: Post-LSS stifle three-dimensional femorotibial translational and rotational movements were more comparable to normal than post-transection movements for both techniques. Both LSS techniques restored femorotibial movements in cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifles to varying amounts but neither technique successfully restored normal three-dimensional femorotibial movements. The LSSEG improved femorotibial movements of the cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifle in the medial-lateral direction and axial rotation but performed poorly in restoring femorotibial movements in the cranial-caudal direction as compared to the LSSTT.

Clinical significance: Both the LSSTT and LSSEG techniques failed to completely restore normal three-dimensional femorotibial translational and rotational movements in cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifles in vitro.

Keywords

Cranial cruciate ligament - Kinematic - cranial tibial translation - electromagnetic tracking sensors - lateral suture - stabilization
 

  • References

  • 1 Korvick DL, Pijanowski GJ, Schaeffer DJ. Three-dimensional kinematics of the intact and cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifle of dogs. J Biomech 1994; 27: 77-87.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Tashman S, Anderst W, Kolowich P. et al. Kinematics of the ACL-deficient canine knee during gait: serial changes over two years. J Orthop Res 2004; 22: 931-941.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Andriacchi TP, Koo S, Scanlan SF. Gait mechanics influence healthy cartilage morphology and osteoarthritis of the knee. J Bon Joint Surg Am 2009; 91A: 95-101.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 DeAngelis M, Lau RE. A lateral retinacular imbrication technique for the surgical correction of anterior cruciate ligament rupture in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1970; 157: 79-84.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Kim SE, Pozzi A, Kowaleski MP. et al. Tibial osteotomies for cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency in dogs. Vet Surg 2008; 37: 111-125.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Tonks CA, Lewis DD, Pozzi A. A review of extra-articular prosthetic stabilization of the cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifle. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2011; 24: 167-177.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Harper TA, Martin RA, Ward DL. et al. An in vitro study to determine the effectiveness of a patellar ligament/fascia lata graft and new tibial suture anchor points for extracapsular stabilization of the cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifle in the dog. Vet Surg 2004; 33: 531-541.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Sicard GK, Hayashi K, Manley PA. Evaluation of 5 types of fishing material, 2 sterilization methods, and a crimp-clamp system for extra-articular stabilization of the canine stifle joint. Vet Surg 2002; 31: 78-84.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Roe SC, Kue J, Gemma J. Isometry of potential suture attachment sites for the cranial cruciate ligament deficient canine stifle. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2008; 21: 215-220.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Hulse D, Hyman W, Beale B. et al. Determination of isometric points for placement of a lateral suture in treatment of the cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2010; 23: 163-167.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Wallace AM, Cutting ED, Sutcliffe MPF. et al. A biomechanical comparison of six different double loop configurations for use in the lateral fabella suture technique. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2008; 21: 391-399.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Cook JL. Extracapsular stabilization. In: Muir P. editor. Advances in the Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament. Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010. p. 163-168.
    Google Scholar
  • 13 Snow LA, White R, Gustafson S. et al. Ex vivo comparison of three surgical techniques to stabilize canine cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifles. Vet Surg 2010; 39: 195-207.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Hottinger HA, DeCamp CE, Olivier NB. et al. Noninvasive kinematic analysis of the walk in healthy large-breed dogs. Am J Vet Res 1996; 57: 381-388.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Chailleux N, Lussier B, De Guise J. et al. In vitro 3-dimensional kinematic evaluation of 2 corrective operations for cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifle. Can J Vet Res 2007; 71: 175-180.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Butler JR, Syrcle JA, McLaughlin RM. et al. The effect of tibial tuberosity advancement and meniscal release on kinematics of the cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifle during early, middle, and late stance. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2011; 24: 342-349.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Johnson K, Lanz O, Elder S. et al. The effect of stifle angle on cranial tibial translation following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy: an in vitro experimental analysis. Can Vet J 2011; 52: 961-966.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Aulakh KS, Harper TA, Lanz OI. et al. Effect of stifle angle on the magnitude of the tibial plateau angle measurement in dogs with intact and transected cranial cruciate ligament. A cadaveric study. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2011; 24: 272-278.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Flo GL. Modification of the latearl retinacular imbrication technique for stabilizing cruciate ligament injuries. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1975; 11: 570-576.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Kim SE, Pozzi A, Banks SA. et al. Effect of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy on femorotibial contact mechanics and stifle kinematics. Vet Surg 2009; 38: 23-32.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Newton CD. Fractures of the pelvis. In: Newton CD, Nunamaker DM. editors. Textbook of Small Animal Orthopaedics. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company; 1985. p. 393-402.
    Google Scholar
  • 22 Kim SE, Pozzi A, Banks SA. et al. Effect of tibial tuberosity advancement on femorotibial contact mechanics and stifle kinematics. Vet Surg 2009; 38: 33-39.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Dennler R, Kipfer NM, Tepic S. et al. Inclination of the patellar ligament in relation to flexion angle in stifle joints of dogs without degenerative joint disease. Am J Vet Res 2006; 67: 1849-1854.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Jordan K, Dziedzic K, Jones PW. et al. The reliability of the three-dimensional FASTRAK measurement system in measuring cervical spine and shoulder range of motion in healthy subjects. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2000; 39: 382-388.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Warzee CC, Dejardin LM, Arnoczky SP. et al. Effect of tibial plateau leveling on cranial and caudal tibial thrusts in canine cranial cruciate-deficient stifles: an in vitro experimental study. Vet Surg 2001; 30: 278-286.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Reif U, Hulse DA, Hauptman JG. Effect of tibial plateau leveling on stability of the canine cranial cruciate-deficient stifle joint: an in vitro study. Vet Surg 2002; 31: 147-154.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Jaegger G, Marcellin-Little DJ, Levine D. Reliability of goniometry in Labrador Retrievers. Am J Vet Res 2002; 63: 979-986.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Ragetly CA, Griffon DJ, Mostafa AA. et al. Inverse dynamics analysis of the pelvic limbs in Labrador Retrievers with and without cranial cruciate ligament disease. Vet Surg 2010; 39: 513-522.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Budsberg SC, Verstraete MC, Soutas-Little RW. Force plate analysis of the walking gait in healthy dogs. Am J Vet Res 1987; 48: 915-918.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 DeCamp CE. Kinetic and kinematic gait analysis and the assessment of lameness in the dog. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1997; 27: 825-840.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Duck TR, Dunning CE, King GJW. et al. Variability and repeatability of the flexion axis at the ulnohumeral joint. J Orthop Res 2003; 21: 399-404.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Crawford NR, Yamaguchi GT, Dickman CA. Methods for determining spinal flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation from marker coordinate data: Analysis and refinement. Hum Mov Sci 1996; 15: 55-78.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Grood ES, Suntay WJ. A joint coordinate system for the clinical description of three-dimensional motions: application to the knee. J Biomech Eng 1983; 105: 136-144.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Fischer C, Cherres M, Grevel V. et al. Effects of attachment sites and joint angle at the time of lateral suture fixation on tension in the suture for stabilization of the cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle in dogs. Vet Surg 2010; 39: 334-342.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar