Management of a Recurrent Ischial Sore Using a 3-Flap Technique

As the quality of rehabilitation has improved (e.g., through the increased use of wheelchairs), ischial sores have become one of the top 3 most common types of sores in terms of location, with an annually increasing number of patients [1]. Even after musculocutaneous or perforator flaps are performed to treat pressure sores, complications such as ulcer recurrence and wound dehiscence still remain common [2].

A 48-year-old man underwent surgery to treat a lumbar spinal cord tumor in 2003. In 2005, due to his bedridden state, he experienced a left ischial sore. In the same year, he was treated with bursectomy, a rotation flap, and a local flap. After a rehabilitation period that allowed him to ambulate and sit, the ischial sore recurred in 2017. After treating him with negative-pressure wound therapy, we performed a bursectomy, packed the dead space with a semitendinosus muscle flap that had no effect on the patient’s ambulatory ability, and covered the skin area with a local flap. However, after surgery, we observed abrasions and seroma in the ischial region ([Fig. 1]). To fix this problem, we performed a complete bursectomy, repositioned the semitendinosus muscle flap to apply more padding to the ischial tuberosity, packed the remaining dead space with an inferior gluteal artery pedicled adipofascial flap that did not involve muscle [3] to maintain the patient’s ambulatory ability, and covered the skin using a V-Y advancement flap ([Figs. 2], [3]).

Fig. 1. A 48-year-old man with a recurrent ischial sore on the left buttock showing abrasions and seroma (incision line drawn with a violet marker).

Fig. 2. Intraoperative photographs of the reconstruction of a recurrent ischial sore using the 3-flap technique. (A) After performing complete bursectomy, we repositioned the semitendinosus muscle flap that was used in the previous operation to apply more padding to the ischial tuberosity (circle). We also elevated an inferior gluteal artery pedicled adipofascial flap that did not involve muscle (triangle) and a V-Y advancement skin flap (star). (B) We packed the remaining dead space with the inferior gluteal artery pedicled adipofascial flap that did not involve muscle to maintain the patient’s ambulatory ability.

Fig. 3. Schematic illustration of the reconstruction of a recurrent ischial sore using the 3-flap technique in an intraoperative view. (A) Elevation of 3 flaps: a semitendinosus muscle flap (circle), an inferior gluteal artery pedicled adipofascial flap that did not involve muscle (triangle), and a V-Y advancement skin flap (star). (B) Padding the ischial sore lesion using the 3 flaps (ischial sore lesion indicated by the violet color).

Considering the patient’s ambulatory ability and the shortage of tissue due to the recurrence of the sore, we believe the usage of the 3-flap technique presented above was an appropriate treatment ([Fig. 4]). Thus, we must consider each patient’s condition and the availability and efficacy of various tissue types to increase the diversity of flap reconstruction.

Fig. 4. Postoperative photograph of the well-healed ischial sore lesion treated using the 3-flap technique.

Publication History

Received: 12 April 2017

Accepted: 22 June 2017

Article published online:
20 April 2022

• References

• 1 VanGilder C, Amlung S, Harrison P. et al. Results of the 2008-2009 International Pressure Ulcer Prevalence Survey and a 3-year, acute care, unit-specific analysis. Ostomy Wound Manage 2009; 55: 39-45
• 2 Bamba R, Madden JJ, Hoffman AN. et al. Flap reconstruction for pressure ulcers: an outcomes analysis. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2017; 5: e1187
• 3 Lin H, Hou C, Xu Z. et al. Treatment of ischial pressure sores with double adipofascial turnover flaps. Ann Plast Surg 2010; 64: 59-61