Zusammenfassung
Bei einer Sepsis sind eine adäquate Diagnostik und Therapie von wesentlicher prognostischer
Bedeutung. Neben der Blutkulturanalyse werden u. a. Biomarker wie das Procalcitonin
(PCT) in der Diagnostik und zur Steuerung der antibiotischen Therapie eingesetzt.
Aktuelle Daten legen nahe, dass eine PCT-gesteuerte Therapie auch das Outcome verbessern
kann. Das PCT als diagnostisches Instrument ist jedoch mit einigen Einschränkungen
verbunden.
Abstract
Adequate diagnosis and therapy of sepsis is of major prognostic relevance. Besides
the gold standard (blood culture diagnostics) biomarkers, e.g. serum procalcitonin
(PCT), are clinically increasingly used in the diagnosis and for guiding anti-infective
treatment. Recent guidelines recommend early determination of PCT. However, trauma,
burns, surgical procedure, and intoxications may significantly impact PCT levels.
As a rare cause, PCT producing tumors have been described and may be potentially misleading
in the clinical setting. While several other constellations for increased PCT in the
absence of sepsis (e.g., trauma, intoxications) have been described, it needs to be
summarized that according to currently available data, sensitivity and specificity
for PCT for the diagnosis of sepsis in critically ill patients is on average between
70 and 80%. Thus, PCT must be interpreted carefully in the context of medical history,
physical examination, and microbiological assessment. However, the existing body of
literature emphasizes the value of PCT to shorten the duration of an antibiotic treatment.
So far, different cut-off values for PCT for certain infections have been identified.
While different treatment algorithms have been studied, PCT-guided treatment not only
enables to reduce use of antibiotics but as shown most recently may improve outcome
of critically ill patients.
Schlüsselwörter
Sepsis - Biomarker - Procalcitonin
Key words
sepsis - biomarker - procalcitonin
