Degenerative Veränderungen an Hand und Handgelenk bei MMA-Kämpfern – Eine MRT Studie im Vergleich zu Boxern

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) ist eine Kombination verschiedener Kampfsportarten. Akute Verletzungen sind bekannt und in der Literatur allgemein beschrieben. Nichtsdestotrotz gibt es kaum Erkenntnisse über degenerative Veränderungen am muskuloskelettalen System. Das Ziel dieser Studie war die Bestimmung des Einflusses von beim MMA genutzten Techniken auf das Auftreten degenerativer Veränderungen im Vergleich zum klassischen Boxen.

Methoden: Hierzu wurden 11 MMA-Kämpfer und 10 Boxer mit chronischen Handgelenkschmerzen klinisch untersucht. Alter, Gewicht, Erfahrung, Anzahl der Kämpfe und wöchentliche Trainingsstunden wurden erfragt. Um die degenerativen Veränderungen zu bestimmen, wurde ein MRT der schmerzhaften Hand ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse: Erfahrung, Niveau des Wettbewerbs und Anzahl der Kämpfe waren nicht signifikant unterschiedlich in beiden Sportgruppen (p < 0,05), jedoch trainierten die MMA-Kämpfer signifikant mehr Stunden pro Woche (19,5 vs. 8,5 h/w; p < 0,001). Allerdings hatten die MMA-Kämpfer öfter und schwerwiegendere degenerative Veränderungen an allen untersuchten Strukturen (Knochen, Faserknorpel, Bänder und Sehnen). In der Kategorie „Knochen“ waren die Unterschiede signifikant (p = 0,002).

Schlussfolgerung: MMA-Kämpfer zeigen eine höhere Inzidenz und einen höheren Grad an degenerativen Veränderungen an Hand und Handgelenk. Genaue Erklärungen sind noch nicht bekannt. Weitere Forschung wird benötigt, um den Einfluss der Techniken auf die Schwere der degenerativen Veränderungen an Hand und Handgelenk zu bestimmen.

Abstract

Objective: Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a combination of multiple combat sports. Acute injuries in MMA are well known and have been broadly described. However, there is little knowledge about degenerative changes in the musculoskeletal system. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of techniques used in MMA on the occurrence of degenerative changes in the hand and wrist in comparison to classical boxing.

Methods: 11 MMA fighters and 10 boxers with chronic wrist pain were clinically examined. Age, weight, years of training, number of fights, level of competition and weekly hours of training were recorded. To determine degenerative changes, an MRI of the symptomatic hand was assessed.

Results: Years of training, level of competition and number of fights did not show a significant difference between MMA and boxing fighters (p > 0.05), but MMA fighters showed significantly more hours of training per week (p < 0.001). The MMA fighters had more often and more severe degenerative changes of all examined structures (bone, fibrocartilage, ligaments and tendons), with the category “bone” reaching significance (p = 0.002).

Conclusion: MMA athletes show significantly greater incidence and degree of degeneration in hand and wrist joints. The exact reasons are still unknown and further research is needed to determine the influence of MMA techniques on the severity of degenerative changes in the hand and wrist.

Schlüsselwörter

chronischer Handgelenksschmerz - Grappling Technicken - degenerative Veränderungen

Key words

chronic wrist pain - grappling techniques - degenerative changes

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