Keramikimplantate: Was wissen wir?

Zusammenfassung

In der modernen Zahnmedizin bieten sich Keramikimplantate als Pfeiler für implantatgetragene Restaurationen an. Auch Patienten interessieren sich immer häufiger für metallfreie Versorgungen – sowohl bei der prothetischen Restauration („Was kommt auf mein Implantat?“) als auch bei der Wahl des Materials („Woraus besteht mein Implantat?“). Für den Behandler stellt sich daher die Frage: „Kann ich keramische Implantate bedenkenlos anbieten?“

Abstract

In modern dentistry, there is a great interest in metal-free restorations; this also applies to ceramic implants. Many ceramic implant systems are already available on the dental market – some without scientific validation. More preclinical and clinical (long-term) data is urgently needed to prove the safety and reliability of the systems. Particularly for two-part implants and extended indications there are currently no reliable data available. Ceramic implants today consist of various modifications of ZrO₂. New zirconia-based dispersion ceramics, metal-free and screw-retained implant-abutment connections as well as more favorable manufacturing processes represent future development trends. The osseointegration of ZrO₂ implants and titanium implants is comparable. The optimal roughness and the optimal surface treatment of ceramic implants are still discussed controversially. ZrO₂ seems to be “soft tissue friendly”. The survival rate of ZrO₂ implants is more than 95% after 12 months.

Kernaussagen

• Zahlreiche Keramikimplantat-Systeme sind bereits auf dem Dentalmarkt erhältlich – manche davon ohne wissenschaftliche Validierung.

• Es werden dringend weitere präklinische und klinische (Langzeit-)Daten benötigt, um die Sicherheit und Verlässlichkeit der Systeme nachzuweisen. Vor allem zu zweiteiligen Implantaten und erweiterten Indikationen liegen derzeit keine validen Daten vor.

• Keramikimplantate bestehen heutzutage aus verschiedenen Modifikationen des ZrO₂.

• Neue Dispersionskeramiken auf Zirkoniumdioxidbasis, metallfreie und verschraubte Implantat-Abutment-Verbindungen sowie günstigere Herstellungsverfahren stellen zukünftige Entwicklungstendenzen dar.

• Die Osseointegration von ZrO₂-Implantaten und Titanimplantaten ist vergleichbar.

• Die optimale Rauigkeit und die optimale Oberflächenbehandlung von keramischen Implantaten werden noch kontrovers diskutiert.

• ZrO₂ scheint weichgewebefreundlich zu sein.

• Die Überlebensrate von ZrO₂-Implantaten liegt nach 12 Monaten bei über 95%.

Schlüsselwörter

Zirkonia - Phasenumwandlung - Osseointegration - Risszähigkeit - zahnfarben - Chipping

Key words

zirconia - phase transformation - osseointegration - fracture toughness - tooth-coloured - chipping

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