Abstract
Acute bleeding is a common and challenging condition in the emergency room. The need
for staff and medical resources in these patients depends on the clinical status and
extent of the bleeding. The causes of acute bleeding are heterogeneous. Patients may
appear in an emergency department with gastrointestinal, traumatic, intracerebral,
gynecological or urological bleeding. Bleeding may be triggered or aggravated by underlying
diseases or the use of anticoagulants or antiplatelet therapy. The treatment can range
from general measures to complex intensive care with antidotes, blood coagulation
and transfusion management. Nevertheless, the initial management in such cases is
often the same.
The purpose of this article is to give an overview of the different types of acute
bleeding in an emergency room and how to overcome these specific challenges. Important
is the initial management with appropriate general measures to stabilize the patient
to avoid serious complications. It is helpful to set up structured processes for these
cases.
Blutungsereignisse sind in der klinischen Notfallmedizin ein häufiges und herausforderndes
Krankheitsbild. Unabhängig davon, ob ursächlich ein Unfall, eine gestörte Hämostase
oder Hämatopoese, Organ-/Gefäßschäden oder Kombinationen vorliegen, sind hier ad hoc
Entscheidungen zu treffen: welche Fachrichtung ist gefordert, welche Diagnostik ist
nötig und welche Sofortmaßnahmen sind zur Blutstillung indiziert.
Schlüsselwörter
Notfallmedizin - akute Blutung - Antikoagulation - Transfusion
Key words
emergency medicine - acute bleeding - anticoagulation - transfusion
