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Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2020; 128(02): 82-88
DOI: 10.1055/a-0824-6515
Article
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Association of ACE I/D Polymorphism with Risk of Diabetes in Cardiovascular Disease Patients

Misbah Hussain
1   Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Lab, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
2   Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
,
Shahid Abbas
3   Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
,
Ahmed Bilal
4   Allied Hospital / Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
,
Muhammad Naeem Aslam
4   Allied Hospital / Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
,
Fazli Rabbi Awan
1   Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Lab, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
2   Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
› Author Affiliations Funding: This study was supported by the Higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan.
Further Information

Publication History

received 03 October 2018
revised 06 December 2018

accepted 18 December 2018

Publication Date:
14 January 2019 (online)

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Abstract

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), as part of renin angiotensin aldosterone system, is involved in blood pressure regulation and control several physiological functions. Insertion/Deletion (I/D) polymorphism of ACE has pronounced effects on development of metabolic diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and hypertension. However, association of I/D polymorphism with risk of diabetes in CVD patients is not known. The aim of present study was to check the association of ACE I/D polymorphism with risk of diabetes in subjects with CVD. For this, 531 subjects were sampled and divided into 3 groups; G1-H (healthy controls, n=117), G2-CN (cardiac patients without diabetes, n=271) and G3-CD (cardiac patients with diabetes, n=143). Genotyping of ACE I/D polymorphism was done by polymerase chain reaction. Allelic and genotypic frequencies were in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (χ2=0.11, p>0.05) and revealed high prevalence of I allele (55%) among all groups. However, II genotype was more common (37%) in G3-CD group. Level of glucose was also higher in subjects with II genotype than DD genotype (12.6±6.3 mmol/L vs. 9.7±5.1 mmol/L). Logistic regression analysis revealed that ACE II genotype increase the risk of diabetes in CVD patients by ~2 times [OR=1.94, CI: 1.24–3.01, p=0.03]; however, this association did not reach the significance level when adjusted for age and gender. In conclusion, ACE I/D polymorphism influence the risk of diabetes in CVD patients and ACE II increases this risk by ~2 fold.

Key words

cardiovascular diseases - diabetes - ACE - I/D polymorphism - II genotype
 

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