Download PDF
Int J Sports Med 2020; 41(06): 365-372
DOI: 10.1055/a-1015-0591
Physiology & Biochemistry
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Heart Rate During an Exercise Test and Acute High-intensity Interval Training in Type 2 Diabetes

Omar Andrade-Mayorga
1   Department of Preclinical Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
,
Rodrigo Mancilla
2   Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Human Movement Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
,
Erik Díaz
3   Physical Education, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
,
Cristian Alvarez
4   Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Laboratory of Human Performance, Universidad de Los Lagos, Chile
› Author Affiliations Funding: This study was partly supported by a research grant from Universidad de La Frontera (DIUFRO DI16-0107). CA was funded by Universidad de Los Lagos.
Further Information

Publication History



accepted 02 September 2019

Publication Date:
11 February 2020 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

To describe and compare the acute heart rate changes during an incremental exercise test and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in subjects of different glucose control. Seventy-five adults were allocated into three groups: Normoglycaemic (NG, n=32), Pre- (PreT2D, n=30) and Type 2 diabetic (T2D, n=13) subjects. Subjects performed an incremental cycling test to determine cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), maximum heart rate (HRmax) and HR recovery post maximal effort, as well as a HIIT cycling session. HR variations are reported as HR pre (HR-preINT), and post interval (HR-postINT), percentage of maximum HR (%HRmax), delta of HR increased (∆HRINT), and delta HR recovery after each interval (∆HRR). By groups, there was a significant difference for the %HRmax in 1st and 2nd, but not in intervals 3rd to 10th between Pre-T2D and T2D groups. There were significant differences for the %HRmax in 1st to 2nd intervals between Pre-T2D and T2D groups. Significant (P<0.05) differences at some intervals were found for ΔHRINT, and ΔHRR. These findings suggest that the HR during an incremental exercise test, and from a typical 10-intervals based HIIT protocol could be used as an intensity marker for individuals independent of their glycaemic control.

Key words

diabetes mellitus type 2 - prediabetes - exercise - high-intensity interval training - heart rate
 

  • References

  • 1 Fiuza-Luces C, Garatachea N, Berger NA et al.. Exercise is the real polypill. Physiology (Bethesda) 2013; 28: 330-358
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Kessler HS, Sisson SB, Short KR. The potential for high-intensity interval training to reduce cardiometabolic disease risk. Sports Med 2012; 42: 489-509
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Orchard TJ, Temprosa M, Goldberg R. et al. The effect of metformin and intensive lifestyle intervention on the metabolic syndrome: the Diabetes Prevention Program randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2005; 142: 611-619
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Alvarez C, Ramirez-Campillo R, Martinez-Salazar C. et al. Low-volume high-intensity interval training as a therapy for type 2 diabetes. Int J Sports Med 2016; 37: 723-729
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Little JP, Gillen JB, Percival ME. et al. Low-volume high-intensity interval training reduces hyperglycemia and increases muscle mitochondrial capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 111: 1554-1560
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Mancilla R, Torres P, Alvarez C. et al. High intensity interval training improves glycemic control and aerobic capacity in glucose intolerant patients. Rev Med Chil 2014; 142: 34-39
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Pollak F, Araya V, Lanas A. et al. Consenso de la Sociedad Chilena de Endocrinologia y Diabetes sobre resistencia a la insulina. Rev Med Chil 2015; 143: 627-636
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Brubaker PH, Kitzman DW. Chronotropic incompetence: Causes, consequences, and management. Circulation 2011; 123: 1010-1020
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Keytsman C, Dendale P, Hansen D. Chronotropic incompetence during exercise in type 2 diabetes: Aetiology, assessment methodology, prognostic impact and therapy. Sports Med 2015; 45: 985-995
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Cano-Montoya J, Alvarez C, Martinez C. et al. Recuperacion cardiovascular durante ejercicio intermitente en pacientes con hipertension y diabetes tipo 2 altamente adherentes. Rev Med Chil 2016; 144: 1150-1158
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Alvarez C, Ramirez R, Flores M. et al. Efectos del ejercicio fisico de alta intensidad y sobrecarga en parametros de salud metabolica en mujeres sedentarias, pre-diabeticas con sobrepeso u obesidad. Rev Med Chil 2012; 140: 1289-1296
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Ciolac EG, Mantuani SS, Neiva CM. et al. Rating of perceived exertion as a tool for prescribing and self regulating interval training: A pilot study. Biol Sport 2015; 32: 103-108
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Huebschmann AG, Reis EN, Emsermann C. et al. Women with type 2 diabetes perceive harder effort during exercise than nondiabetic women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2009; 34: 851-857
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Gibala MJ, Little JP, Macdonald MJ. et al. Physiological adaptations to low-volume, high-intensity interval training in health and disease. J Physiol 2012; 590: 1077-1084
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Boutcher SH. High-intensity intermittent exercise and fat loss. J Obes 2011; 2011: 868305
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Harriss DJ, Macsween A, Atkinson G. Standards for ethics in sport and exercise science research: 2020 update. Int J Sports Med 2019; 40: 813-817
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 McArdle W, Katch F, Katch V. Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance. 8 ed . Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health; 2014
    Google Scholar
  • 18 Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Fernhall B. et al. Exercise and type 2 diabetes: The American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: Joint position statement. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: e147-e167
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Jebb SA, Cole TJ, Doman D. et al. Evaluation of the novel Tanita body-fat analyser to measure body composition by comparison with a four-compartment model. Br J Nutr 2000; 83: 115-122
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Hajdusek P, Kotrc M, Kautzner J. et al. Heart rate response to exercise in heart failure patients: The prognostic role of metabolic-chronotropic relation and heart rate recovery. Int J Cardiol 2017; 228: 588-593
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Fisher JP, Young CN, Fadel PJ. Autonomic adjustments to exercise in humans. Compr Physiol 2015; 5: 475-512
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Bracken RM, Linnane DM, Brooks S. Plasma catecholamine and nephrine responses to brief intermittent maximal intensity exercise. Amino Acids 2009; 36: 209-217
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Talanian JL, Galloway SD, Heigenhauser GJ. et al. Two weeks of high-intensity aerobic interval training increases the capacity for fat oxidation during exercise in women. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2007; 102: 1439-1447
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR. et al. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: Guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011; 43: 1334-1359
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Higginbotham MB, Morris KG, Williams RS. et al. Physiologic basis for the age-related decline in aerobic work capacity. Am J Cardiol 1986; 57: 1374-1379
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Vigorito C, Giallauria F. Effects of exercise on cardiovascular performance in the elderly. Front Physiol 2014; 5: 51
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Coffey VG, Hawley JA. The molecular bases of training adaptation. Sports Med 2007; 37: 737-763
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 MacInnis MJ, Gibala MJ. Physiological adaptations to interval training and the role of exercise intensity. J Physiol 2017; 595: 2915-2930
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Gejl KD, Ortenblad N, Andersson E. et al. Local depletion of glycogen with supramaximal exercise in human skeletal muscle fibres. J Physiol 2017; 595: 2809-2821
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Romijn JA, Coyle EF, Sidossis LS. et al. Regulation of endogenous fat and carbohydrate metabolism in relation to exercise intensity and duration. Am J Physiol 1993; 265: E380-E391
    Google Scholar
  • 31 Rognmo O, Moholdt T, Bakken H. et al. Cardiovascular risk of high- versus moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in coronary heart disease patients. Circulation 2012; 126: 1436-1440
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Weston KS, Wisloff U, Coombes JS. High-intensity interval training in patients with lifestyle-induced cardiometabolic disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2014; 48: 1227-1234
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar