Weniger Kohlenhydrate in der Therapie des Diabetes?

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Lifestyle-Diäten mit einer Einschränkung des Kohlenhydratverzehrs (Low Carb, Paleo, ketogen) erfreuen sich insbesondere zur Kontrolle des Körpergewichts zunehmender Beliebtheit. Bei Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes sollen sie nicht nur zur Gewichtsreduktion beitragen, sondern auch zu einer verbesserten Einstellung der Glykämie und einer Senkung des Insulinbedarfs führen. Was sind die Vor- und Nachteile einer Reduktion der Kohlenhydrataufnahme bei Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes? Wenn die Kohlenhydrate ersetzt werden, wovon sollte stattdessen mehr verzehrt werden? Kann eine kohlenhydratreiche Diät bei Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes heute noch empfohlen werden? Der Beitrag versucht, diese Fragen in Kürze zu beantworten und rückt den Fokus der Diskussion weg von der reinen Betrachtung der Makronährstoffrelation hin zur Bedeutung der Kohlenhydrat- und Fettqualität und einer individualisierten Ernährungstherapie. Darüber hinaus bieten sowohl die Stratifizierung metabolischer Phänotypen des Prädiabetes als auch die differenzierte bioinformatische Analyse von Ernährungsmustern anstelle von rein korrelativen nährstoffbasierten Auswertungen neue Ansätze für die Ernährungsforschung.

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