Zusammenfassung
Bevor eine Infusionstherapie initiiert wird, ist zu unterscheiden, was therapiert werden soll: ein intravasaler Volumenmangel oder ein Flüssigkeitsmangel des gesamten Extrazellulärraumes. Danach richten sich die therapeutische Strategie der Flüssigkeits- und Volumentherapie sowie die Auswahl der zu verabreichenden Infusionslösungen, die dieser Beitrag vorstellt.
Abstract
A rational infusion therapy orchestrates fluid- and volume therapy based on the individual indication and situation. The principle of fluid replacement is to substitute ongoing fluid losses such as insensible perspiration and urine output or to treat dehydration with balanced crystalloid solutions. Volume therapy in contrast is the quick restoration of intravascular losses such as an acute blood loss through application of balanced colloids or crystalloids. The goal of volume therapy is to maintain normal cardiac output and oxygen delivery by restoring intravascular normovolemia and cardiac preload. Whether colloid or crystalloid infusions are most suitable for volume therapy remains unclear. Most trials in this field are either underpowered or used colloids in inadequate situations, patients and amounts. Two major trials from the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC) are underway that seem promising to provide evidence in this emotional
debate.
Schlüsselwörter
Flüssigkeitstherapie - Volumentherapie - Kristalloide - Kolloide - Hydroxyethlystärke
Key words
fluid therapy - volume therapy - crystalloids - colloids - hydroxyethyl starch
