Entwicklung und Evaluation des Fragebogens zur Erfassung Aversiver und Protektiver Kindheitserfahrungen (APK)

Zusammenfassung

Ziel der Studie Erste Evaluation des neu entwickelten Fragebogens zur Erfassung Aversiver und Protektiver Kindheitserfahrungen (APK).

Methodik In einer Stichprobe von 128 Patienten in stationärer oder teilstationärer Psychotherapie wurden die Reliabilität des APK sowie konvergente und Kriteriumsvalidität untersucht.

Ergebnisse Der APK zeigte in seinen Gesamtskalen und in den meisten Subskalen eine hohe bis sehr hohe interne Konsistenz, deutliche Hinweise auf konvergente Validität, sowie Zusammenhänge mit Depressivität und Bindungsunsicherheit. Insbesondere die Skala zu protektiven Kindheitserfahrungen klärte eigenständige Varianz in Bezug auf Validitätsaspekte auf.

Schlussfolgerung Mit dem APK liegt ein erweitertes Instrument zur Traumadiagnostik vor. Neben der Erfassung aversiver Kindheitserfahrungen hat die Möglichkeit des gleichzeitigen Erfassens protektiver Kindheitserfahrungen für Forschung wie Praxis eine besondere Bedeutung.

Abstract

Objective Aim of this study is to evaluate the newly developed Questionnaire for the Assessment of Adverse and Protective Childhood Experiences (APC).

Methods Reliability, convergent as well as criterion validity were assessed in a sample of 128 patients in a hospital-setting.

Results The APC showed high to very high reliability for the two main scales and for most of its subscales, convergent validity, and was related to depression and attachment insecurity. The scale for the assessment of protective childhood experiences explained incremental variance regarding validity.

Conclusion The APC is an enhanced instrument for the assessment of adverse childhood experiences. Especially the simultaneous assessment of protective childhood experiences can be of particular importance for research and practice.

Schlüsselwörter

Kindheitstrauma - Kindheitserfahrung - CTQ - APK - Fragebogen

Keywords

childhood trauma - childhood experience - CTQ - APC - questionnaire

• Literatur

• 1 Wingenfeld K, Spitzer C, Mensebach C. et al. Die deutsche Version des Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Erste Befunde zu den psychometrischen Kennwerten. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2010; 60: 442-450
• 2 Finkelhor D, Shattuck A, Turner H. et al. Improving the adverse childhood experiences study scale. JAMA Pediatr 2013; 167: 70-75
• 3 Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D. et al. Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults. Am J Prev Med 1998; 14: 245-258
• 4 Kessler RC, McLaughlin KA, Green JG. et al. Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Br J Psychiatry 2010; 197: 378-385
• 5 Häuser W, Schmutzer G, Brähler E. et al. Maltreatment in childhood and adolescence. Results from a survey of a representative sample of the German population. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2011; 108: 287-294
• 6 Chapman DP, Whitfield CL, Felitti VJ. et al. Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood. J Affect Disord 2004; 82: 217-225
• 7 Varese F, Smeets F, Drukker M. et al. Childhood adversities increase the risk of psychosis. A meta-analysis of patient-control, prospective- and cross-sectional cohort studies. Schizophr Bull 2012; 38: 661-671
• 8 Dube SR, Anda RF, Felitti VJ. et al. Adverse childhood experiences and personal alcohol abuse as an adult. Addict Behav 2002; 27: 713-725
• 9 Karow A, Lipp M, Schweigert E. et al. Alters-, diagnose- und fachübergreifende stationäre Behandlung für Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene (16–25 Jahre) in der Adoleszenzpsychiatrie. Psychiat Prax 2018; 45: 248-255
• 10 Wegman HL, Stetler C. A meta-analytic review of the effects of childhood abuse on medical outcomes in adulthood. Psychosom Med 2009; 71: 805-812
• 11 Dong M, Anda RF, Felitti VJ. et al. The interrelatedness of multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. Child Abuse Negl 2004; 28: 771-784
• 12 Ehrenthal JC, Levy KN, Scott LN. et al. Attachment-related regulatory processes moderate the impact of adverse childhood experiences on stress reaction in borderline personality disorder. J Pers Disord 2018; 32: 93-114
• 13 Ehrenthal JC, Stoffel M, Ditzen B. Psychobiologische Aspekte der Traumafolgestörungen. PiD – Psychotherapie im Dialog 2019; 20: 100-104
• 14 Jungbauer J, Kaufmann K, Metz D. et al. Bindungsstile bei erwachsenen Kindern psychisch erkrankter Eltern. Psychiat Prax 2019; 46: 381-387
• 15 Sroufe LA, Egeland B, Carlson EA. One Social World. The Integrated Development of Parent-Child and Peer Relationships. In: Relationships as Developmental Contexts. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum; 1999: 241-262
• 16 Thomson P, Jaque SV. Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and adult attachment interview (AAI) in a non-clinical population. Child Abuse Negl 2017; 70: 255-263
• 17 Hardt J, Rutter M. Validity of adult retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences. Review of the evidence. J Child Psychol & Psychiat 2004; 45: 260-273
• 18 Dudeck M, Vasic N, Otte S. et al. Factorial Validity Of The Short Form Of The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) In German Psychiatric Patients, Inmates And University Students. Psychol Rep 2015; 116: 685-703
• 19 Scher CD, Stein MB, Asmundson GJG. et al. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in a Community Sample. Psychometric Properties and Normative Data. J Trauma Stress 2001; 14: 843-857
• 20 Schulz A, Schmidt CO, Appel K. et al. Psychometric functioning, socio-demographic variability of childhood maltreatment in the general population and its effects of depression. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2014; 23: 387-400
• 21 Idsoe T, Dyregrov A, Idsoe EC. Bullying and PTSD symptoms. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2012; 40: 901-911
• 22 Mynard H, Joseph S, Alexander J. Peer-victimisation and posttraumatic stress in adolescents. Pers Individ Differ 2000; 29: 815-821
• 23 Wagner F, Eickhoff AM, Matthies L. et al. Fragebogen zu aversiven und positiven Kindheitserfahrungen (APK). Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2011; 61: A090
• 24 Dinger U, Komo-Lang M, Schauenburg H. et al. Die psychotherapeutische Abendklinik. Konzept und erste Ergebnisse. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2019; 69: 197-202
• 25 Löwe B, Kroenke K, Herzog W. et al. Measuring depression outcome with a brief self-report instrument. Sensitivity to change of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). J Affect Disord 2004; 81: 61-66
• 26 Ehrenthal JC, Dinger U, Lamla A. et al. Evaluation der deutschsprachigen Version des Bindungsfragebogens „Experiences in Close Relationships – Revised“ (ECR-RD). Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2009; 59: 215-223
• 27 Ehrenthal JC, Zimmermann J, Brenk-Franz K, Dinger U, Schauenburg H, Brähler E, Strauß B. Psychometric characteristics of an eight item screening version of the Experiences in Close Relationships – Revised questionnaire (ECR-RD8): results from a representative German sample. Manuscript in preparation
• 28 A Core Team. Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: 2018
• 29 Afifi TO, Macmillan HL. Resilience following child maltreatment. A review of protective factors. Can J Psychiat 2011; 56: 266-272