Aktueller Forschungsstand zum pflanzlichen Antidepressivum Johanniskrautextrakt

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Aus dem Zusammenspiel von neurobiologischen und psychosozialen Faktoren kennt man 3 für die Pathologie der Depression wesentliche Mechanismen. Neben der gut bekannten gestörten Neurotransmission resultiert die chronische Aktivierung der HPA-Achse in einer deregulierten Stressantwort, oxidativer Stress im Rahmen der Depression bedingt zusätzlich Inflammation und neurodegenerative Prozesse. In diesem Review wird der aktuelle Wissensstand zum Wirkspektrum des pflanzlichen Antidepressivums Johanniskrautextrakt dargelegt und mit synthetischen Antidepressiva verglichen. Auf der Basis aktueller Forschung lässt sich so ein Modell aus 3 wesentlichen Wirkmechanismen von Johanniskrautextrakt ableiten, über die – häufig analog zu klassischen chemisch-synthetischen Antidepressiva – in die Pathologie und Entwicklung der Depression eingegriffen werden kann.

ABSTRACT

In the interplay of neurobiological and psychosocial factors three essential mechanisms regarding the pathology of depression are well established. Apart from the well-known dysfunctional neurotransmission, the chronic activation of the HPA-axis results in a deregulated response to stress. Oxidative stress within context of depression further triggers inflammation and neurodegenerative processes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the spectrum of activity of the herbal antidepressant St. John’s Wort extract also in comparison to synthetic antidepressants. Based on recent research, a model built on three major modes of action of St. John’s Wort extract can be deduced. Via these mechanisms the herbal antidepressant can, often analogous to classical, synthetic antidepressants, intervene in the pathology and development of depression.

Schlüsselwörter

Depression - Johanniskraut - Antidepressiva - pflanzlich - Pharmakologie - Wirkmechanismus

Key words

Depression - St. John’s wort - antidepressants - herbal - pharmacology - mode of action

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