Kortisolkonzentration bei Deutsch-Holstein-Kühen vor, während und nach der Klauenbehandlung im Durchtreibestand – Eignung verschiedener Matrizes

Zusammenfassung

Ziel Überprüfung, ob sich die Änderung der Kortisolkonzentration im Blut (KoB) von Milchkühen während eines akuten Stressreizes durch die Kortisolkonzentration im Speichel (KoS), in der Tränenflüssigkeit (KoTr) und in der Milch (KoM) und die Kortisolmetabolitenkonzentration im Kot (KoK) nachvollziehen lässt.

Material und Methoden Bei 10 gesunden Deutsch-Holstein-Kühen diente eine simulierte Klauenbehandlung (sKB) im Durchtreibestand als Modell für eine akute Stresssituation. KoB, KoS, KoTr, KoM sowie KoK wurden einmal täglich über 10 Tage gemessen. Bei der an Tag 4 durchgeführten sKB wurden die KoB und KoTr (Minute 0, 15, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80) und die KoK (Minute 480, 540, 600, 660) bestimmt.

Ergebnisse Während der sKB stiegen die KoB und KoTr (Maximum zu Minute 60) und fielen anschließend ab. Nach der sKB kam es zu einem Anstieg der KoK (Maximum zu Minute 660). Während der sKB korrelierten KoB und KoTr sowie KoK und KoTr signifikant und KoK und KoB tendenziell. Im gesamten Verlauf der sKB (Area under the Curve [AUC], Minute 0–80) zeigten KoB und KoTr eine signifikante Korrelation (p = 0,04). Die KoB fiel von Tag 1 zu Tag 4 signifikant ab (p < 0,01). An Tag 5 waren KoB (p = 0,03) und KoK (p < 0,01) signifikant höher. Der Verlauf der KoS und KoTr (Tag 1–10) spiegelte den KoB-Verlauf gut wider. Der Verlauf der KoK wies Parallelen, der von KoM einige Unterschiede zum Verlauf der KoB auf. Deutlich positive Korrelationen ergaben sich für den Zeitraum Tag 1–10 im Vergleich von KoB und KoS (p = 0,002) sowie von KoB und KoTr (p = 0,002).

Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Relevanz Die Gewinnung von Tränenflüssigkeit und Speichel stellt bei der Bestimmung der Kortisolkonzentration eine Alternative zur invasiven Blutentnahme dar. Ein ruhiger Umgang mit den Kühen führt zu einer geringeren Stressreaktion und kann somit das Tierwohl verbessern.

Abstract

Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether changes in cortisol concentration measured in blood serum (KoB) of cows exposed to an acute stressor shows a correlation to cortisol concentrations in saliva (KoS), tears (KoT) and milk (KoM) as well as the concentration of cortisol metabolites in feces (KoK).

Materials and methods In 10 healthy German Holstein cows, sham foot trimming (sKB) including the movement/fixation of the cows through/in a foot trimming chute was used as a model for acute stress. KoB, KoS, KoT, KoM and KoK were measured once a day for 10 days. During sKB, performed on day 4, KoB and KoT were measured at the initiation of foot trimming (minute 0) as well as 15, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 80 minutes later. Additionally, KoK was measured 480, 540, 600 and 660 minutes after the start of sKB.

Results KoB and KoT increased during sKB and reached a maximum at 60 minutes followed by a decrease. KoK increased after sKB and reached a maximum at 660 minutes. There was a significant correlation between KoB and KoT, KoK and KoB and a trend towards a significant correlation between KoK and KoT during sKB. KoB and KoT were significantly correlated (area under the curve, minute 0–10, p = 0.04). KoB decreased significantly from day 1 to day 4 (p < 0.01). On day, 5 KoB (p = 0.03) and KoK (p < 0.01) were significantly higher. KoS and KoT served as good proxies for KoB throughout the study, and KoK and KoB exhibited similar profiles. There were several differences between the profiles of KoM and KoB. During the 10-day measurement period, a significant positive correlation was detected between KoB and KoS (p = 0.002) as well as between KoB and KoT (p = 0.002).

Conclusions and clinical relevance The collection of tear fluid and saliva for determination of cortisol concentrations are non-invasive alternatives to blood sampling. Calm handling of cows may reduce their stress reaction and thus improve animal welfare.

Schlüsselwörter

Stress - Blut - Kot - Tränenflüssigkeit - Speichel - Milch

Key words

Stress - blood - faeces - tears - saliva - milk

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 28. April 2020

Angenommen: 02. September 2020

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
20. Oktober 2020

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