Football – Novel Approaches to Tackle Diabetes

Abstract

Balanced diet and regular physical activity are of key importance to the prevention of the development and progression of non-communicable diseases. In 2050, 50% of the European population is expected to be obese. Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, cancer, as well as joint impairments, will further increase. Therefore, programmes are critical to the improvement of the population’s health status in the long run. New ways have to be found that allow addressing more people than with the current approaches. Football has a great potential to attract people at risk for or with already existing non-communicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, to participate in health-promoting programmes. The novel football version, walking football was developed for elderly players, aiming at avoiding injuries and physical overload. The present article gives a brief overview on the metabolic effects of recreational football, particularly walking football, as well as health-promoting programmes offered by professional football clubs in humans at risk for or with already existing non-communicable diseases.

Key words

physical exercise - walking football - non-communicable diseases - obesity - health promotion programmes

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 19. Juni 2020
Eingereicht: 03. September 2020

Angenommen: 14. September 2020

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
07. Oktober 2020

• Literature

• 1 Tamayo T, Brinks R, Hoyer A. et al. Prävalenz und Inzidenz von Diabetes mellitus in Deutschland. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2016; 113: 177-182
• 2 Köster I, Schubert I. Fortschreibung der KoDIM-Studie: Kosten des Diabetes mellitus 2000-2009. Dtsch med Wochenschr 2012; 137: 1013-1016 doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1304891
• 3 Hamasaki H. Daily physical activity and type 2 diabetes: A review. World J Diabetes 2016; 7: 243-251. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v7.i12.243
• 4 Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE. et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 393-403.
• 5 Johnson ST, Eurich DT, Lytvyak E. et al. Walking and type 2 diabetes risk using CANRISK scores among older adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42: 33-38
• 6 Johnson ST, Boulé NG, Bell GJ. et al. Walking: A matter of quantity and quality physical activity for type 2 diabetes management. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2008; 33: 797-801.
• 7 Weston KS, Wisloff U, Coombes JS. High-intensity interval training in patients with lifestyle-induced cardiometabolic disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2014; 48: 1227-1234 doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092576
• 8 Jelleyman C, Yates T, O’Donovan G. et al. The effects of high-intensity interval training on glucose regulation and insulin resistance: A meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews 2015; 16: 942-961
• 9 Francois ME, Baldi JC, Manning PJ. et al. Exercise snacks before meals: a novel strategy to improve glycaemic control in individuals with insulin resistance. Diabetologia 2014; 57: 1437-1445
• 10 Kunz P, Engel FA, Holmberg HC. et al. A meta-comparison of the effects of high-intensity interval training to those of small-sided games and other training protocols on parameters related to the physiology and performance of youth soccer players. Sports Med Open 2019; 5: 7
• 11 Sarmento H, Manuel Clemente F, Marques A. et al. Recreational football is medicine against non-communicable diseases: A systematic review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30: 618-637.
• 12 Eberl M, Tanaka LF, Klug SJ. et al. Football as a health promotion strategy. Dtsch Ärztebl Int 2019; 116: 721-728.
• 13 Andersen TR, Schmidt JF, Thomassen M. et al. A preliminary study: Effects of football training on glucose control, body composition, and performance in men with type 2 diabetes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 24: 43-56
• 14 de Sousa MV, Fukui R, Dagogo-Jack S. et al. Biomarkers of insulin action during single soccer sessions before and after a 12-week training period in type 2 diabetes patients on a caloric-restricted diet. Physiol Behav 2019; 209: 112618.
• 15 Schmidt JF, Andersen TR, Horton J. et al. Soccer training improves cardiac function in men with type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013; 45: 2223-2233.
• 16 de Sousa MV, Fukui R, Krustrup P. et al. Positive effects of football on fitness, lipid profile, and insulin resistance in Brazilian patients with type 2 diabetes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 24: 57-65
• 17 de Sousa MV, Fukui R, Krustrup P. et al. Combination of recreational soccer and caloric restricted diet reduces markers of protein catabolism and cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21: 180-186
• 18 Paul DJ, Bangsbo J, Nassis GP. Recreational football practice attenuates postprandial lipaemia in normal and overweight individuals. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118: 261-270 doi: 10.1007/s00421-017-3766-y
• 19 Krustrup P, Helge EW, Hansen PR. et al. Effects of recreational football on women's fitness and health: adaptations and mechanisms. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118: 11-32
• 20 Sözen T, Başaran NÇ, Tınazlı M. et al. Musculoskeletal problems in diabetes mellitus. Eur J Rheumatol 2018; 5: 258-265.
• 21 Gray CM, Hunt K, Mutrie N. et al. Weight management for overweight and obese men delivered through professional football clubs: A pilot randomized trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2013; 10: 121
• 22 Hunt K, Gray CM, Maclean A. et al. Do weight management programmes delivered at professional football clubs attract and engage high risk men? A mixed-methods study. BMC Public Health 2014; 14: 50
• 23 Hunt K, Wyke S, Gray CM. et al. A gender-sensitised weight loss and healthy living programme for overweight and obese men delivered by Scottish Premier League Football Clubs (FFIT): A pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2014; 383: 1211-1221
• 24 Gray CM, Wyke S, Zhang R. et al. Long-term weight loss trajectories following participation in a randomised controlled trial of a weight management programme for men delivered through professional football clubs: A longitudinal cohort study and economic evaluation. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2018; 15: 60.
• 25 Harper LD, Field A, Corr LD. et al. The physiological, physical, and biomechanical demands of walking football: Implications for exercise prescription and future research in older adults. J Aging Phys Act 2019; 1-11.
• 26 Madsen M, Krustrup P, Larsen M. Exercise intensity during walking football for men and women aged 60+ in comparison to traditional small-sided football – a pilot study. Managing Sport and Leisure 2020; 1-9 doi: 10.1080/23750472.2020.1762508
• 27 McEwan G, Buchan D, Cowan D. et al. Recruiting Older Men to Walking Football: A Pilot Feasibility Study. Explore (NY) 2019; 15: 206-214.
• 28 Barbosa A, Brito J, Costa J. et al. Feasibility and safety of a walking football program in middle-aged and older men with type 2 diabetes. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020; Jul 4 S0033–S0620 (20)30137-7.
• 29 Cholerton R, Breckon J, Butt J. et al. Experiences Influencing Walking Football Initiation in 55- To 75-Year-Old Adults: A Qualitative Study. J Aging Phys Act 2019; 1-13
• 30 Reddy P, Dias I, Holland C. et al. Walking football as sustainable exercise for older adults - A pilot investigation. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 17: 638-645.
• 31 Arnold JT, Bruce-Low S, Sammut L. The impact of 12 weeks walking football on health and fitness in males over 50 years of age. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2015; 1 bmjsem 2015-000048.
• 32 Corepal R, Zhang JY, Grover S. et al. Walking soccer: A systematic review of a modified sport. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020;
• 33 Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Yardley JE. et al. Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2016; 39: 2065-2079