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Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2021; 146(04): 266-278
DOI: 10.1055/a-1270-8878
CME-Fortbildung

Akute diabetische Stoffwechselentgleisungen

Acute metabolic complications in diabetes
Melina Mertens   *
,
Laura Dauben   *
,
Michael Roden
,
Karsten Müssig
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Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus weisen eine erhöhte Morbidität und Letalität infolge der mikro- und makrovaskulären Komplikationen auf. Zudem kann es bei Erstmanifestation, aber auch während des weiteren Krankheitsverlaufs, zu lebensbedrohlichen Stoffwechselentgleisungen kommen. Treten diabetesbedingte Notfälle auf, ist eine schnelle Diagnose und Therapieeinleitung unerlässlich.

Abstract

Over time, diabetes patients are at increased risk for microvascular and macrovascular complications leading to increased morbidity and mortality compared to metabolically healthy people. In addition, acute life-threatening metabolic derangements at first manifestation as well as during the course of the disease may occur, comprising diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state and hypoglycaemia. Diabetes-related emergencies require fast diagnosis and early treatment initiation as well as close monitoring of vital signs and laboratory parameters. The present article gives an overview on the acute metabolic complications in diabetes, focussing on diagnostic work-up and treatment goals.

Schlüsselwörter

Hypoglykämie - diabetische Ketoazidose - hyperglykämisches - hyperosmolares Koma - Notfall - Diabetes mellitus

Key words

hypoglycaemia - diabetic ketoacidosis - hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state - emergency - diabetes mellitus

* Die Autorinnen haben zu gleichen Teilen zu dem Manuskript beigetragen.




Publication History

Article published online:
16 February 2021

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