Auftreten von Harnsteinen – alters-, rasse- und geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei Hunden aus Deutschland

Zusammenfassung

Ergebnisse Bei den Steinen handelte es sich um Struvit (44,7 %), Kalziumoxalat-Monohydrat (Whewellit, 24,5 %), Cystin (15,2 %), Ammoniumurat (5,3 %), Kalziumoxalat-Dihydrat (Weddellit, 4,4 %), Kalziumphosphat (1,6 %), Xanthin (1,2 %), Whewellit/Weddellit (1,1 %), Brushit (0,4 %) und andere Substanzen 1,7 %. Das mediane Alter (Jahre) der Hunde betrug bei Struvit 8, bei Kalziumoxalaten (Whewellit und Weddellit) 10, bei Cystin 5, bei Brushit 11, bei Xanthin 6,5 und bei Ammoniumurat 6. Bei weiblich-intakten (83,8 %) und weiblich-kastrierten (80,8 %) Individuen kamen Struvitsteine am häufigsten vor, während bei männlich-intakten Hunden Cystinsteine (36,7 %) und Kalziumoxalate (35,5 % Whewellit und Weddellit) dominierten. Kastrierte Rüden hatten zu 50,0 % Kalziumoxalat, zu 17,3 % Struvit und zu 10,5 % Cystinsteine. Struvitsteine ließen sich am häufigsten bei den Rassen Mops (75,9 %), Labrador (73,1 %), Shih Tzu (62,2 %), Dackel (50,4 %) und Malteser (36 %) nachweisen, Kalziumoxalate bei den Rassen Zwergschnauzer (54,8 %), Jack Russell Terrier (49,5 %) sowie Yorkshire Terrier (48,2 %). Cystin trat am häufigsten bei den Rassen Französische Bulldogge (47,2 %), Bulldogge (44,8 %), Chihuahua (44,1 %) und Dackel (32,8 %) auf.

Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Hunde aus Deutschland zeigten alters-, geschlechts- und rassespezifische Unterschiede in der Häufigkeit des Auftretens von Harnsteinen. Die Kenntnis über ein gehäuftes Vorkommen unterschiedlicher Harnsteinarten in Deutschland sowie über eine mögliche Rassedisposition ermöglicht dem Tierarzt, ein zielgerichtetes Monitoring zur Prophylaxe und Metaphylaxe zu etablieren und gemeinsam mit dem Tierbesitzer einen geeigneten Therapieplan zu erstellen.

Abstract

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the distribution and frequency of uroliths in dogs in Germany and to evaluate age-, gender-, and breed-specific differences.

Material and methods A total of 2772 uroliths from dogs in Germany that had been submitted from veterinary practices during the years 2017–2019 were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy.

Results Uroliths were analyzed as follows: Struvite (44.7 %), calcium oxalate monohydrate (whewellite 24.5 %), cystine (15.2 %), ammonium urate (5.3 %), calcium oxalate dihydrate (weddellite 4.4 %), calcium phosphate (1.6 %), xanthine (1.2 %), whewellite/weddellite (11 %), brushite (0.4 %) and other substances (1.7 %). The dogs’ median age (in years) with regards to the urolith type amounted to: struvite 8, calcium oxalate (whewellite and weddellite) 10, cystine 5, brushite 11, xanthine 6.5, and ammonium urate 6 years. Struvite uroliths were most common in intact females (83.8 %) and neutered females (80.8 %), while cystine uroliths (36.7 %) and calcium oxalates (35.7 % whewellite and weddellite) were most common in intact males. Calcium oxalate (50 %), struvite (17.3 %), and cystine uroliths (10.5 %) were found in male neutered dogs. The most frequent breeds with struvite uroliths were Pug (75.9 %), Labrador (73.1 %), Shih Tzu (62.2 %), Dachshund (50.4 %) and Maltese (36 %). Calcium oxalates were most frequently encountered in the breeds Miniature Schnauzer (54.8 %), Jack Russell Terrier (49.5 %), and Yorkshire Terrier (48.2 %). Cystine uroliths were most frequent in the breeds French Bulldog (47.2 %), Bulldogs (44.8 %), Chihuahua (44.1 %) and Dachshund (32.8 %).

Conclusion and clinical relevance Dogs from Germany displayed age-, gender- and breed-specific differences in the frequency of urine calculi occurrence. Knowledge of the frequent occurrence of the distinct uroliths in Germany as well as potential breed dispositions allow the veterinarian to implement an appropriate preventive treatment plan. This would involve a targeted monitoring program for the prevention and follow-up care of the patient in conjunction with the pet owner.

Schlüsselwörter

Urologie - ableitende Harnwege - Infrarotspektroskopie - Labordiagnostik

Key words

Urology - lower urinary tract - infrared spectroscopy - laboratory diagnostics

Publication History

Received: 01 September 2020

Accepted: 09 December 2020

Article published online:
15 February 2021

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