Pharmakologische Rückfallprophylaxe der Alkoholabhängigkeit

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Nur wenige Substanzen sind als sogenannte Anti-Craving-Me-dikamente zur pharmakogestützten Rückfallprophylaxe der Alkoholabhängigkeit zugelassen. Dazu gehören das in Deutschland nicht mehr vertriebene Disulfiram, die Opioidantagonisten Naltrexon und Nalmefen sowie Acamprosat. Gerade für Acamprosat und Naltrexon ist die Evidenzbasierung recht gut, bei mäßiger, aber klinisch signifikanter Effizienz. Sie werden trotzdem selten eingesetzt. Interessante Substanzen mit klinischer Perspektive sind am ehesten Baclofen, Vareniclin und Gabapentin. Die klinischen Befunde und Perspektiven der Pharmakotherapie bei Alkoholabhängigkeit werden dargestellt.

ABSTRACT

Few medications are approved for treatment of alcohol dependence, including acamprosate, naltrexone und nalmefene. Disulfiram is not marketed anymore in Germany. Acamprosat and naltrexone have a good evidence for efficacy, with modest clinical efficacy. They are rarely used. Emerging drugs of interest are baclofen, vareniclin, gabapentin, among others. Clinical perspectives of pharmacotherapy of alcoholism are discussed.

Schlüsselwörter

Alkoholabhängigkeit - Pharmakotherapie - Acamprosat - Gabapentin - Naltrexon - Nalmefen

Key words

Alcohol - alcohol dependence - pharmacotherapy - gabapentin - acamprosate - naltrexone - nalmefene

Publication History

Article published online:
04 August 2021

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