Evolution and History of Osteoimmunology

Abstract

This narrative review focuses on the evolution and history of osteoimmunology, which is a research field that investigates the interactions between bone and components of the immune system. Looking at the evolution of bone, bone development dates back approximately 540 million years. Osteoimmune aspects can also be found in different bone-related diseases like osteoporosis, which is a frequent age-related disease and was first recognized in 1751. Moreover, rheumatoid arthritis is known as the prototype of an osteoimmune disease, which was first clinically described in 1800. A further important component of this field are osteoclasts, a term that was coined by Kölliker in 1873. For the treatment of osteoporosis different therapeutic options are available, among which 2 antibodies (denosumab and romosozumab) were currently approved by the European Medicines Agency in 2010 and 2019, respectively, thus showing the importance of osteoimmunological research for patients’ sake.

Zusammenfassung

Dieser narrative Review befasst sich mit der Phylogenese und Medizingeschichte der Osteoimmunologie, einem Forschungsgebiet, welches die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Knochen und Komponenten des Immunsystems untersucht. Betrachtet man die Evolution des Knochens, so reicht diese rund 540 Mio. Jahre zurück. Osteoimmunologische Aspekte finden sich ebenfalls in der häufig altersbedingten Erkrankung Osteoporose, die erstmals 1751 charakterisiert wurde. Darüber hinaus wird die rheumatoide Arthritis als Prototyp einer Osteoimmunerkrankung gehandelt, welche 1800 klinisch erstmals beschrieben wurde. Ein prominenter Zelltyp im Gebiet der Osteoimmunologie sind Osteoklasten; dieser Begriff wurde 1873 durch Kölliker geprägt. Zur Behandlung der Osteoporose stehen verschiedene Therapieoptionen zur Verfügung, von denen derzeit 2 Antikörper (Denosumab und Romosozumab) von der Europäischen Arzneitmittelagentur 2010 beziehungsweise 2019 zugelassen wurden, wodurch die Bedeutung osteoimmunologischer Forschung für die Klinik deutlich wird.

Key words

Osteoimmunology - osteoclasts - rheumatoid arthritis - osteoporosis - cytokines

Schlüsselwörter

Osteoimmunologie - Osteoklasten - Rheumatoide Arthritis - Osteoporose - Zytokine

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 24. Juni 2021

Angenommen: 28. Juli 2021

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
23. September 2021

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