de novo hATTR Amyloidose nach Domino-Lebertransplantation: Ein Fallbeispiel für den Einsatz von Patisiran

Zusammenfassung

Die hereditäre Transthyretin-Amyloidose (hATTR-Amyloidose) ist eine seltene, schnell fortschreitende und potenziell lebensbedrohliche Krankheit, die durch eine von mehr als 120 Mutationen im Transthyretin (TTR)-Gen verursacht wird. Die Mehrzahl der Patienten entwickelt infolge der daraus resultierenden, kumulierenden Amyloidablagerungen insbesondere in den peripheren Nerven und dem Herzen im Laufe der Jahre eine progrediente, periphere sensomotorische Polyneuropathie und eine biventrikuläre Kardiomyopathie.

Da TTR – und damit auch seine amyloidogenen Varianten – überwiegend in der Leber synthetisiert wird, ist die frühe, orthotope Lebertransplantation (LTx) eine Therapieoption, mit der die Progression der hATTR-Amyloidose potenziell gestoppt werden kann.

Der vorliegende Fall beschreibt einen Patienten mit hepatozellulärem Karzinom, der im Rahmen einer Dominotransplantation das Organ einer Patientin mit hATTR erhalten hatte. Nach etwa 10 Jahren begann der Patient, die charakteristischen Symptome der Stoffwechselkrankheit zu entwickeln, was eine Re-Lebertransplantation erforderlich machte. Aufgrund einer weiteren Progression der Amyloidose wurde anschließend eine Therapie mit dem RNA-Interferenz-Therapeutikum Patisiran eingeleitet, die vorläufig zu einem Stopp der Progression führte.

Abstract

Hereditary transthyretin-mediated (hATTR) amyloidosis is a rare, rapidly progressing, and potentially life-threatening disease caused by one of more than 120 mutations in the transthyretin (TTR) gene. As a result of the cumulative amyloid deposits, especially in the peripheral nerves and the heart, the majority of patients develop progressive, peripheral sensorimotor polyneuropathy and biventricular cardiomyopathy over time.

Since TTR – and its amyloidogenic variants too – is predominantly synthesized in the liver, early, orthotopic liver transplantation (LTx) is a treatment option that can be used to potentially stop the progression of hATTR amyloidosis.

The actual case shows a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma who received the organ of a patient with hATTR as part of a domino liver transplantation. After approximately 10 years, the patient started to develop the characteristic symptoms of the metabolic disorder. Because of a further progression of the amyloidosis, therapy with the RNA interference therapeutic patisiran was initiated, which temporarily halted the progression.

Schlüsselwörter

Hereditäre Transthyretin-Amyloidose - kardiale Amyloidose - Kardiomyopathien - Polyneuropathien - Lebertransplantation - Patisiran

Keywords

Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis - Cardiac amyloidosis - Transthyretin - Cardiomyopathies - Polyneuropathies - Orthotopic Liver Transplant - Domino Liver Transplantation - Patisiran

Publication History

Received: 10 February 2021

Accepted after revision: 29 December 2021

Article published online:
09 May 2022

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