Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/a-1770-4571
Burnout oder Depression? – Erfahrungen aus der Burnout-Sprechstunde in der Hochschulambulanz
Burnout or Depression? – Field Experience from a University Outpatient ClinicZusammenfassung
Ziel Mit steigender Präsenz der Burnout-Symptomatik im klinischen und gesellschaftlichen Alltag ist es notwendig, Patient*innen mit Symptomen eines Burnouts diagnostisch zu differenzieren und ihre jeweiligen Symptome im Spektrum der psychischen Störungen zu verorten.
Methodik Patient*innen (N=83), die sich in der Burnout-Sprechstunde der psychosomatischen Hochschulambulanz vorstellten, wurden differenziert mit einem strukturierten klinischen Interview (SKID) und einer umfangreichen Fragebogendiagnostik (PHQ-D; MBI, BMI) ergänzend zum klinischen Gespräch untersucht.
Ergebnisse Der klinische Eindruck führt bei 35% der Patient*innen zu einer Burnout-Diagnose, wobei von diesen Patient*innen bei 1/3 keine SKID-Diagnose vergeben werden konnte. Ein Großteil der gesamten Stichprobe litt jedoch entsprechend diagnostischer Kriterien unter psychischen Störungen, wobei depressive Störungen am häufigsten nachzuweisen waren. Patient*innen mit ausschließlichem Burnout unterschieden sich dabei nur geringfügig von Patient*innen mit depressiven Störungen. So zeigten sie tendenziell geringere Werte in der Fragebogendiagnostik mit geringeren Gesamtwerten im MBI und signifikante Unterschiede in der Skala der psychischen und physischen Belastungssymptome (p=0,031) und des Boreouts (p=0,037). Zudem berichteten Patient*innen mit der Diagnose Burnout signifikant weniger von früheren behandlungsbedürftigen psychischen Störungen (p=0,017).
Diskussion Die bisherigen standardisierten Diagnoseinstrumente können weniger gut zwischen Burnout und depressiven Störungen differenzieren. Die vorliegende Untersuchung unterstütz die Hypothese, dass Burnout und Depression Teil desselben Spektrums an Symptomen sind, wobei Patient*innen mit Burnout weniger belastet sind als Patient*innen mit depressiven Störungen.
Schlussfolgerung Es zeigt sich eine hohe Überlappung zwischen Depressionen und Burnout-Symptomatik, was die Differenzierung im klinischen Alltag erschwert und eine sorgfältige Diagnostik fordert.
Abstract
Objective With the increasing presence of burnout symptoms in clinical and social everyday life, it is necessary to closely examine patients with symptoms of burnout and to classify their respective symptoms in the spectrum of mental disorders.
Methods The sample includes 83 patients who presented themselves in a burnout consultation of the university outpatient clinic of the University Hospital Dresden. As part of the diagnostic examination, the patients completed the Structured Clinical Interview (SKID) and a comprehensive questionnaire diagnostic (PHQ-D; MBI, BMI) as well as a clinical interview.
Results The clinical interview led to a burnout diagnosis in 35% of the patients, although for 1/3 of these patients no SKID diagnosis could be affirmed. However, a large proportion of the patients presenting at the university outpatient clinic suffered from a mental disorder, with depressive disorders accounting for the majority of complaints. Patients with burnout differed in a few points from patients with depressive symptoms: They scored lower in the MBI questionnaire and in the scales of mental and physical stress symptoms (p=.031) and boreout (p=.037). In addition, patients diagnosed with burnout were significantly less likely to report previous mental disorders requiring treatment (p=.017).
Discussion Previous standardized diagnostic instruments are less able to differentiate between burnout and depressive disorders. The present study supports the hypothesis that burnout and depression are part of the same spectrum of symptoms, with patients with burnout being less distressed than patients with depressive disorders.
Conclusion There appears to be a significant overlap between depression and symptoms of burnout making the differentiation difficult in everyday clinical practice and calling for a accurate diagnostic.
Publication History
Received: 25 May 2021
Accepted: 10 February 2022
Article published online:
12 April 2022
© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
-
Literatur
- 1 BKK P. Betriebliches Gesundheitsmanagement 2018. In; 2018
- 2 Hapke U, Maske U, Busch M. et al. Stress, Schlafstörungen, Depressionen und Burn-out: Wie belastet sind wir. Bundesgesundheitsblatt 2012; 55: 987-988
- 3 Alarcon GM. A meta-analysis of burnout with job demands, resources, and attitudes. Journal of vocational behavior 2011; 79: 549-562
- 4 Honkonen T, Ahola K, Pertovaara M. et al. The association between burnout and physical illness in the general population – results from the Finnish Health 2000 Study. Journal of psychosomatic research 2006; 61: 59-66
- 5 Kaschka WP, Korczak D, Broich K. Burnout: a fashionable diagnosis. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International 2011; 108: 781
- 6 (Bundespsychotherapeutenkammer) B. BPtK-Studie zur Arbeitsunfähigkeit. Psychische Erkrankungen und Burnout. In
- 7 Organization WH. The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. World Health Organization; 1992
- 8 American Psychiatric Association. W, DC. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 1994. fourth ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association;
- 9 Maslach C, Jackson SE, Leiter MP. et al. Maslach burnout inventory. Consulting psychologists press; Palo Alto, CA: 1986
- 10 Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer publishing company; 1984
- 11 Bakker AB, Demerouti E. The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of managerial psychology. 2007
- 12 Maslach C, Leiter MP. Understanding the burnout experience: recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World psychiatry 2016; 15: 103-111
- 13 WHO. ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics. QD85 Burnout. In (04/2019)
- 14 Ahola K, Honkonen T, Isometsä E. et al. The relationship between job-related burnout and depressive disorders – results from the Finnish Health 2000 Study. Journal of affective disorders 2005; 88: 55-62
- 15 Bianchi R, Schonfeld IS, Laurent E. Burnout–depression overlap: A review. Clinical psychology review 2015; 36: 28-41
- 16 Bianchi R, Schonfeld IS, Laurent E. Is burnout a depressive disorder? A reexamination with special focus on atypical depression. International Journal of Stress Management 2014; 21: 307
- 17 Maske UE, Riedel-Heller SG, Seiffert I. et al. Prevalence and Comorbidity of Self-Reported Diagnosis of Burnout Syndrome in the General Population-Results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1). Psychiatrische Praxis 2016; 43: e1-e1
- 18 Wittchen H-U, Zaudig M, Fydrich T. Skid. Strukturiertes klinisches Interview für DSM-IV. Achse I und II. Handanweisung. 1997
- 19 Gräfe K, Zipfel S, Herzog W. et al. Screening psychischer Störungen mit dem „Gesundheitsfragebogen für Patienten (PHQ-D)“. Diagnostica 2004; 50: 171-181
- 20 Satow L. BURNOUT-MOBBING-INVENTAR (BMI). In
- 21 Gil-Monte PR. Factorial validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS) among Spanish professionals. Revista de Saúde Pública 2005; 39: 1-8
- 22 Schaufeli WB, Bakker AB, Hoogduin K. et al. On the clinical validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Burnout Measure. Psychology & health 2001; 16: 565-582
- 23 Schaufeli WB, Daamen J, Van Mierlo H. Burnout among Dutch teachers: An MBI-validity study. Educational and psychological measurement 1994; 54: 803-812
- 24 Schutte N, Toppinen S, Kalimo R. et al. The factorial validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) across occupational groups and nations. Journal of Occupational and Organizational psychology 2000; 73: 53-66
- 25 Maslach C, Schaufeli WB, Leiter MP. Job burnout. Annual review of psychology 2001; 52: 397-422
- 26 Bianchi R, Schonfeld IS, Verkuilen J. A five-sample confirmatory factor analytic study of burnout-depression overlap. Journal of Clinical Psychology 2020; 76: 801-821
- 27 Ahola K, Hakanen J, Perhoniemi R. et al. Relationship between burnout and depressive symptoms: a study using the person-centred approach. Burnout Research 2014; 1: 29-37
- 28 Hakanen JJ, Schaufeli WB. Do burnout and work engagement predict depressive symptoms and life satisfaction? A three-wave seven-year prospective study. Journal of affective disorders 2012; 141: 415-424
- 29 Kim H, Ji J, Kao D. Burnout and physical health among social workers: A three-year longitudinal study. Social work 2011; 56: 258-268
- 30 Korczak D, Wastian M, Schneider M. Therapie des Burnout-Syndroms. Schriftenreihe Health Technology Assessment (HTA) in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Bd 120) Deutsches Institut für Medizinische Dokumentation und Information (DIMDI). Köln: 2012
- 31 Bakusic J, Schaufeli W, Claes S. et al. Stress, burnout and depression: A systematic review on DNA methylation mechanisms. Journal of psychosomatic research 2017; 92: 34-44