Light flickering through a narrow window opening in capsule panendoscopy

We read with great interest the paper by Vuik et al [1], reporting a single-center experience with application of colon capsule endoscopy as a panendoscopic tool. Both colon capsules and the newer PillCam Crohn’s capsule have been used for panendoscopy in several settings. Although with mixed results – mainly regarding adequate colonic cleansing and completion rates [2], the use of camera capsules for the assessment of the whole gut is here to stay. However, as most roses come with thorns, some crucial issues need to be addressed:

1. Colonic cleanliness – Several bowel prep regimens have been extensively analyzed to date. Whereas polyethylene glycol (PEG) + ascorbic acid (also used in this study) failed to show any significant statistical superiority when compared to standard PEG, the use of sodium phosphate (NaP) as a booster was associated with a higher degree of cleansing [3]; as NaP has been withdrawn from many markets due to safety concerns, though, a suitable replacement is still to be found.

2. Completeness and transit times – The lack of a standardized laxative regimen has impacted this quality measure as well. As demonstrated by Vuik et al, a fast, small bowel transit time is not associated with a consistent result in procedure completeness (51.9 %); once again, the use of add-on PEG as a booster is not sufficient to obtain satisfactory outcomes [3] [4].

3. Patient acceptance and adverse events (AEs) – Although capsule endoscopy (CE) provides a virtually painless and noninvasive examination compared to conventional colonoscopy, a recent study by our group highlighted how patient preference towards CE is not influenced by its higher tolerability [5]; the major obstacle seems to be related to the burden of bowel preparation, which is also responsible for the majority of patient-reported AEs [6].

The features of the capsules need drastic improvement to ensure confident lesion characterization and enhanced diagnostic performance if they are to become more than scouts for morphology/pathology. This has often been the focus of discussion in advisory boards and informal lobbying but has yet to materialize for the capsule community.

In conclusion, with the current level of technology fitted in commercially available capsules, the window of opportunity for panendoscopy is indeed narrow [7], but the concept remains appealing and hardware advancements should be on the way to make this happen.

Competing interests

Dr. Koulaouzidis is a consultant for Jinshan. He is director of iCERV Ltd and cofounder of Medicaps Ltd. He has received a Given Imaging Ltd-ESGE grant and material support for clinical research from SynMed/Intromedic. In the last 10 years, he has received honoraria and lecture fees from Jinshan, Dr. Falk Pharma UK, and Ferring. He has also received educational travel support from Aquilant, Jinshan, Dr. Falk Pharma, Almirall, Ferring, and has participated in advisory board meetings for Tillots, Ankon, and Dr. Falk Pharma UK. Dr. Toth has received research grants from the Swedish Cancer Society and Swedish ALF agreement.

• References

• 1 Vuik FER, Moen S, Nieuwenburg SAV. et al. Applicability of colon capsule endoscopy as pan-endoscopy: From bowel preparation, transit, and rating times to completion rate and patient acceptance. Endosc Int Open 2021; 09: E1852-E1859
• 2 Cortegoso Valdivia P, Elosua A. et al. Clinical feasibility of panintestinal (or panenteric) capsule endoscopy: a systematic review. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 33: 949-955
• 3 Vuik FER, Nieuwenburg SAV, Moen S. et al. Colon capsule endoscopy in colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review. Endoscopy 2021; 53: 815-824
• 4 Bjoersum-Meyer T, Skonieczna-Zydecka K, Cortegoso Valdivia P. et al. Efficacy of bowel preparation regimens for colon capsule endoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endosc Int Open 2021; 09: E1658-E1673
• 5 Deding U, Cortegoso Valdivia P, Koulaouzidis A. et al. Patient-reported outcomes and preferences for colon capsule endoscopy and colonoscopy: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Diagnostics 2021; 11: 1730
• 6 Wang YC, Pan J, Liu YW. et al. Adverse events of video capsule endoscopy over the past two decades: a systematic review and proportion meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20: 364
• 7 Rondonotti E, Pennazio M. Colon capsule for panendoscopy: a narrow window of opportunity. Endosc Int Open 2021; 09: E1860-E1862

Publication History

Article published online:
13 May 2022