Monitoring orthodontic tooth movement in rats after piezocision by bone scintigraphy

Abstract

Aim Piezocision, corticocision of mineralized tissue by ultrasound showed promising results in accelerating tooth movement induced by orthodontic appliances although the biologic effects of this procedure are not well-understood so far. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of piezocision on bone remodeling in rats by bone SPECT imaging.

Material and Methods Ten male Wistar rats underwent surgical placement of orthodontic appliances on each side of the maxilla followed by piezocision on one side only. Each rat underwent ^99mTc-MDP bone SPECT/CT imaging before surgery (T0), and 2 (T1) and 4 weeks (T2) after surgery. Bone uptake is expressed as median [IQR] min-max in percentage of the injected activity per ml computed from the 10 voxels with the highest uptake (%IAmax10/ml).

Results Pooled data regardless of the piezocision showed a significant increase in bone uptake from T0 (3.2 [2.8–3.9] 2.6–4.9) to T1 (4.4 [3.8–4.6] 3.4–4.8; p = 0.001). Thereafter, the uptake decreased to T2 (3.8 [3.1–4.4] 2.8–4.8; p = 0.116). No significant differences in bone uptake were found between the maxilla sides without and with piezocision: T1: without (4.3 [3.8–4.5] 3.4–4.8) vs. with (4.5 [3.7–4.6] 3.5–4.7; p=0.285), T2: without (4.0 [3.1–4.5] 2.8–4.8) vs. with (3.7 [3.0–4.4] 2.8–4.8; p=0.062).

Conclusion ^99mTc-MDP bone SPECT imaging in rats was able to reproduce changes in bone uptake in the maxilla after placement of orthodontic appliances inducing measurable tooth movement. An additional effect of piezocision on bone remodeling in terms of bone uptake was not detectable which is probably due to the pronounced and significant effects induced by the orthodontic appliances per se, which may mask the potential effects of additional piezocision.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel Die Piezotomie, eine Kortikotomie von mineralisiertem Gewebe mittels Ultraschall, hat vielversprechende Ergebnisse bei der Beschleunigung der Zahnbewegung durch kieferorthopädische Apparaturen gezeigt, obwohl die biologischen Auswirkungen dieses Verfahrens bisher nicht gut verstanden wurden. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Auswirkungen der Piezotomie auf die Knochenremodellierung bei Ratten mittels der Knochen-SPECT-Bildgebung zu untersuchen.

Material und Methoden Bei 10 männlichen Wistar-Ratten wurden auf beiden Seiten des Oberkiefers kieferorthopädische Apparaturen eingesetzt, gefolgt von einer Piezotomie auf nur einer Seite. Jede Ratte wurde vor dem Eingriff (T0) sowie 2 (T1) und 4 Wochen (T2) nach dem Eingriff einer ^99mTc-MDP-Knochen-SPECT/CT-Bildgebung unterzogen. Der Knochen-Uptake ist als Median [IQR] min-max in Prozent der injizierten Aktivität pro ml angegeben, berechnet aus den 10 Voxeln mit der höchsten Aktivität (%IAmax10/ml).

Ergebnisse Die gepoolten Daten zeigten unabhängig von der Piezotomie eine signifikante Zunahme des Knochen-Uptake von T0 (3,2 [2,8–3,9] 2,6–4,9) bis T1 (4,4 [3,8–4,6] 3,4–4,8; p=0,001). Danach sank der Uptake (T2: 3,8 [3,1–4,4] 2,8–4,8; p=0,116). Zwischen den Oberkieferseiten ohne und mit Piezotomie wurden keine signifikanten Unterschiede im Knochen-Uptake festgestellt: T1: ohne (4,3 [3,8–4,5] 3,4–4,8) vs. mit (4,5 [3,7–4,6] 3,5–4,7; p=0,285), T2: ohne (4,0 [3,1–4,5] 2,8–4,8) vs. mit (3,7 [3,0–4,4] 2,8–4,8; p=0,062).

Schlussfolgerung Die ^99mTc-MDP-Knochen-SPECT-Bildgebung bei Ratten war in der Lage, Veränderungen des Knochen-Uptake im Oberkiefer nach dem Einsetzen kieferorthopädischer Apparaturen zu reproduzieren, die messbare Zahnbewegungen induzieren. Ein zusätzlicher Effekt der Piezotomie auf die Knochenremodellierung in Bezug auf den Knochen-Uptake war nicht nachweisbar, was wahrscheinlich auf die ausgeprägten und signifikanten Effekte zurückzuführen ist, die durch die kieferorthopädischen Apparaturen per se hervorgerufen werden und die potenziellen Effekte der zusätzlichen Piezotomie überdecken können.

Schlüsselwörter

Piezotomie - Knochenremodellierung - Osteoblasten - Osteoklasten - SPECT - Regional Acceleratory Phenomenon – RAP

Keywords

Piezocision - bone remodeling - osteoblasts - osteoclasts - SPECT - regional acceleratory phenomenon – RAP

Publication History

Received: 22 August 2021

Accepted after revision: 04 April 2022

Article published online:
27 July 2022

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